Taking action: achieving gender equality and empowering women

162 Appendix 1
are likely to fall behind (Yemen) and be off track (Iraq). Of the 62 countries
that achieved gender parity in literacy by 2003, 59 have rates of female and
male literacy of 90 percent or greater. However, three countries with female to
male ratios of one or greater in 2003 also have relatively low literacy rates for
both men and women (Haiti at 66 percent for men and 67 percent for women,
Nicaragua at 72 percent for men and 73 for women, and Honduras at 85 percent
for men and 88 percent for women).
Table A1.7
Female and male
gross primary
enrollment rates
and ratios, 1990 and
2000, and projections
for 2005 and 2015
— Not available.
a. Rank is defined as follows:
1 = ratio greater than 1
(reverse gap), 2 = ratio equal
to 1 (parity), 3 = 0.90–0.99 (on
track), 4 = 0.70–0.89 (falling
behind), 5 = 0–0.69 (off track).
Source: UNESCO 2004.
Region/country
Developed countries
Female
rate
1990 2000 2005 2015
Male
rate
Female
to male
ratio
Female
rate
Male
rate
Female
to male
ratio
Projected
female
to male
ratio Rank a ratio Rank a
Projected
female
to male
Australia 107.4 108 0.99 102.1 102.1 1 1 2 1.02 1
Austria 100.6 100.7 1 103.2 104.2 0.99 0.99 3 0.98 3
Belgium 100.6 99.2 1.01 104.5 105.4 0.99 0.98 3 0.96 3
Canada 103 104.6 0.98 100 99.7 1 1.01 1 1.03 1
Denmark 98.3 98.2 1 101.9 102 1 1 2 1 2
Finland 98.5 99.1 0.99 101.4 101.8 1 1 2 1.02 1
France 107.6 109.2 0.99 104.2 105.5 0.99 0.99 3 0.99 3
Germany — — — 103.7 103.9 1 — — — —
Greece 98.1 98.7 0.99 99.2 99.4 1 1 2 1.02 1
Iceland 101 101.7 0.99 102.2 102.4 1 1 2 1.02 1
Ireland 102.7 102.2 1 119 119.8 0.99 0.99 3 0.98 3
Italy 103.5 103.8 1 100.5 101.3 0.99 0.99 3 0.98 3
Japan 99.9 99.6 1 100.8 100.8 1 1 2 1 2
Luxembourg 94.2 86.9 1.08 100.9 100.9 1 0.96 3 0.88 4
Netherlands 104.1 100.8 1.03 106.4 108.6 0.98 0.96 3 0.9 3
New Zealand 104.7 106.4 0.98 99.9 100 1 1.01 1 1.03 1
Norway 100.4 100.5 1 101.5 101.3 1 1 2 1 2
Portugal 120 125.9 0.95 120.3 122.1 0.98 1 2 1.02 1
Spain 108 109.1 0.99 104.8 105.3 0.99 0.99 3 0.99 3
Sweden 99.9 99.7 1 111.3 108.6 1.02 1.03 1 1.05 1
Switzerland 90.9 89.7 1.01 106.8 107.8 0.99 0.98 3 0.96 3
United Kingdom 105.5 102.9 1.03 98.9 98.9 1 0.99 3 0.96 3
United States 101.1 102.9 0.98 100.8 101.1 1 1.01 1 1.03 1
East Asia and Pacific
Brunei Darussalam 111.8 118.7 0.94 102 106.2 0.96 0.97 3 0.99 3
Cambodia — — — 103.3 116.8 0.88 — — — —
China 120.3 129.6 0.93 113.8 113.8 1 1.03 1 1.11 1
Fiji — — — 108 109.7 0.98 — — — —
Hong Kong, China — — — — — — — — — —
Indonesia 112.9 115.7 0.98 108.8 111.2 0.98 0.98 3 0.98 3
Kiribati — — — 129.1 126.7 1.02 — — — —
Korea, DPR — — — — — — — — — —
Korea, Rep. of 105.3 104.6 1.01 101.5 100.7 1.01 1.01 1 1.01 1
Lao PDR 90.9 115.5 0.79 104.4 121.5 0.86 0.9 3 0.96 3
Malaysia 93.6 93.8 1 98.7 98.3 1 1 2 1 2
Marshall Islands — — — — — — — — — —
Micronesia, Fed. States — — — — — — — — — —
Mongolia 98.3 96.1 1.02 100.6 97 1.04 1.05 1 1.07 1
Myanmar 106.2 111.3 0.95 88.7 89.3 0.99 1.01 1 1.05 1
Nauru — — — — — — — — — —