Taking action: achieving gender equality and empowering women

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Summary of e-discussion facilitated by ActionAid International, United Kingdom 213 Recommendation 3: transform schools and other institutions to be more gender-sensitive The Millennium Development Target for 2005 will be missed. This signals that we cannot continue implementing development programs using the same strategies as we have in the past few decades. Substantial efforts must be undertaken to challenge the status quo and overhaul the system, whether it be education, health, or trade. Supporting dysfunctional systems is not effective; let’s change what doesn’t work. Recommendation 4: recognize the impact of HIV/AIDS, conflict, and globalization on women’s empowerment—with strategies such as adult education and nonformal education A number of key priorities emerging from today’s global context have to be considered. Situations such as the increasing rate of HIV/AIDS infection and deaths, conflicts, and violence undermine development efforts, making it difficult to conduct “business as usual.” In addition, greater emphasis needs to be placed on the importance of a high quality education, the intergenerational link between women’s education (literacy) and children’s educational and health outcomes, and the need for alternative learning modalities for AIDS orphans, street children, dropouts, indigenous people, and other marginalized groups. Recommendation 5: Clarify how the Millennium Development Goals support other UN-led policy initiatives and whether the Goals supersede previously agreed upon targets and policies Discussants commented that the UN Millennium Project and corresponding development goals should be better linked to other UN-led initiatives, such as Education For All and the Fast Track Initiative. How does this report work in conjunction with Commission on the Status of Women and the recommendations issued from Beijing and the reviewing progress conferences? How can the task force ensure that efforts will not be duplicated? Participants pointed out that the necessary frameworks, recommendations, and strategies are already there in detail. Concepts, ideas, and definitions were spelled out in Jomtien, Thailand, in 1990. The 2000 Dakar Framework for Action lays out concrete goals, strategies, and roles and responsibilities for governments, donors, and civil society organizations. More strategies and roles can be found in the guidelines for poverty reduction strategy papers, in the Fast Track Initiative, and so on. Conclusions The task force’s desire to collect civil society feedback on the report is encouraging. The goal of this consultation was to elicit perspectives from civil society organizations on the content of the report. For their part, civil society organizations engaged in a lively three-week debate over the report. What is not
214 Appendix 6 clear is the extent to which key recommendations and other responses will be integrated into the final report. The potential of civil society influence on this report would have been greater if consultations had taken place earlier, when the report’s main tenets were being formulated and throughout the process of revisions. This is troubling not only because it questions the genuine space created for participation, but also because participants challenged and disagreed with two of the report’s key strategic objectives. Albeit these limitations, there is space for the task force to integrate the main recommendations of this consultation as they undertake final revisions. Examples provided by participants could also substantiate, strengthen, and diversify those currently presented in the report. Finally, this summary could be attached as an appendix to the report. ActionAid International welcomes the task force’s feedback—both directly to the agency and for the e-discussion group—on how this kind of dialogue can be more influential and valuable to the UN Millennium Project. Finally, the unavailability of the task force papers in different languages limits regional representation. The executive summary of the report is available in Spanish, but there is no document in French or Portuguese. In order to make this consultation globally representative, ActionAid International facilitated a Spanish language consultation. The Regional Program for Training in Gender and Public Policy in Argentina also moderated a Spanish-language discussion on the gender equality Millennium Development Goal in August. In addition, ActionAid International translated the executive summary of the task force report into French and launched a discussion in this language. Feedback from these two dialogues was forwarded to the task force.
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The UN Millennium Project is an ind
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Task Force on Hunger Halving hunger
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Foreword The world has an unprecede
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Contents Foreword iii Task force me
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Contents vii Chapter 12 Making it h
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Contents ix 4.1 HIV prevalence rate
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Task force members Task force coord
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Preface At the Millennium Summit in
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Acknowledgments The authors would l
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Abbreviations AGI CEDAW CRC DALY DD
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Millennium Development Goals xix
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2 Executive summary Achieving Goal
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4 Executive summary Gender inequali
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6 Executive summary Sexual and repr
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8 Executive summary The time spent
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10 Executive summary Several types
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12 Executive summary Employmentenha
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14 Executive summary Gender quotas
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16 Executive summary Infrastructure
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18 Executive summary Box 1 Proposed
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20 Executive summary A transformati
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22 Executive summary Women’s orga
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24 Executive summary The internatio
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26 Executive summary The next 10 ye
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28 Chapter 1 Genuine equality means
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Chapter 2 Task force perspective on
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32 Chapter 2 Box 2.2 Achieving the
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34 Chapter 2 The task force believe
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Chapter 3 Strengthen opportunities
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38 Chapter 3 Higher levels of educa
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40 Chapter 3 Female education can r
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42 Chapter 3 All regions except Sou
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44 Chapter 3 Table 3.4 Primary scho
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46 Chapter 3 Table 3.7 Enrollment r
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48 Chapter 3 Scholarship programs h
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50 Chapter 3 Decreasing the distanc
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52 Chapter 3 Support to literacy pr
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54 Chapter 4 Sexual and reproductiv
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56 Chapter 4 At the end of 2004 abo
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58 Chapter 4 Figure 4.1 Rates of ea
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60 Chapter 4 Interventions to impro
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62 Chapter 4 A critical priority is
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64 Chapter 4 Schools can provide li
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Chapter 5 Invest in infrastructure
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68 Chapter 5 Figure 5.2 Women are t
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70 Chapter 5 Taking women’s perce
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72 Chapter 5 Cost is often a constr
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74 Chapter 5 and Elson 1995). If us
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76 Chapter 6 Effective land rights
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78 Chapter 6 Gathering systematic e
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80 Chapter 6 In Sub-Saharan Africa
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82 Chapter 6 Land markets have been
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84 Chapter 6 and recording women’
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86 Chapter 6 At the international l
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Chapter 7 Reduce gender inequality
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90 Chapter 7 In only 17 of 110 coun
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92 Chapter 7 Table 7.3 Female share
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94 Chapter 7 Gender gaps in earning
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96 Chapter 7 An important strategy
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98 Chapter 7 For poor women, public
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100 Chapter 7 Many developed and de
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102 Chapter 7 Decent, productive wo
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Chapter 8 Increase women’s repres
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106 Chapter 8 Only 14 countries hav
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108 Chapter 8 Experience offers fou
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Chapter 9 Combat violence against w
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112 Chapter 9 Surveys often find th
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114 Chapter 9 The economic, social,
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116 Chapter 9 Interventions for com
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118 Chapter 9 Communities play an i
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120 Chapter 9 Box 9.1 Mainstreaming
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Chapter 10 Data and indicators for
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124 Chapter 10 Box 10.1 Proposed in
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126 Chapter 10 The task force recom
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128 Chapter 10 Improving countries
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Chapter 11 The financial costs of i
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132 Chapter 11 A gender needs asses
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134 Chapter 11 empower women. For e
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136 Chapter 11 costs of setting up
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Chapter 12 Making it happen Althoug
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140 Chapter 12 Gender analysis invo
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142 Chapter 12 Through legislation,
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144 Chapter 12 The reporting obliga
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146 Chapter 12 Box 12.2 Cambodia: t
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148 Chapter 12 Box 12.3 Chile: the
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150 Chapter 12 Box 12.5 South Afric
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152 Chapter 12 Poverty reduction st
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154 Chapter 12 The next 10 years pr
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156 Appendix 1 illiterate, while th
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158 Appendix 1 Box A1.1 Regional cl
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160 Appendix 1 Table A1.3 Country p
Page 185 and 186: 162 Appendix 1 are likely to fall b
Page 187 and 188: 164 Appendix 1 Table A1.7 Female an
Page 197 and 198: 174 Appendix 1 Table A1.10 Adult fe
Page 199 and 200: 176 Appendix 1 Table A1.10 Adult fe
Page 201 and 202: Appendix 2 Reproductive health stat
Page 203 and 204: Appendix 3 Employment statistics Ta
Page 205 and 206: 182 Appendix 3 Table A3.2 Maternity
Page 207 and 208: 184 Appendix 3 Table A3.2 Maternity
Page 209 and 210: 186 Appendix 3 Table A3.3 Women’s
Page 211 and 212: 188 Appendix 3 Table A3.3 Women’s
Page 213 and 214: 190 Appendix 4 Table A4.1 Share of
Page 215 and 216: 192 Appendix 4 Table A4.3 Results o
Page 221 and 222: Appendix 6 Summary of e-discussion
Page 223 and 224: 200 Appendix 6 caveats to be consid
Page 225 and 226: 202 Appendix 6 political opportunit
Page 227 and 228: 204 Appendix 6 investment in infras
Page 229 and 230: 206 Appendix 6 does not lower women
Page 231 and 232: 208 Appendix 6 • Conduct public a
Page 233 and 234: 210 Appendix 6 women—hardly a gen
Page 235: 212 Appendix 6 commented on gender-
Page 239 and 240: 216 Notes from many different count
Page 241 and 242: 218 Notes 5. A condition of such ow
Page 243 and 244: 220 Notes 14. The pension is paid o
Page 245 and 246: 222 Notes Chapter 11 1. Using data
Page 247 and 248: References Aboim, M. 2002. “Brazi
Page 249 and 250: 226 References Aromolaran, A. 2002.
Page 251 and 252: 228 References Bid, P., R. Nanavaty
Page 253 and 254: 230 References Case, A., and A. Dea
Page 255 and 256: 232 References ———. 2001. Emp
Page 257 and 258: 234 References Floro, M. 1995. “E
Page 259 and 260: 236 References Harding, S. 1996.
Page 261 and 262: 238 References ———. 2000. “
Page 263 and 264: 240 References Kaufmann, D., A. Kra
Page 265 and 266: 242 References son-Kuhn, and J. Haa
Page 267 and 268: 244 References Mladjenvoic, L., and
Page 269 and 270: 246 References Ostro, B. J., M. San
Page 271 and 272: 248 References Rehn, E., and E. Joh
Page 273 and 274: 250 References Global Technical Con
Page 275 and 276: 252 References UNAIDS. 2003a. Acces
Page 277 and 278: 254 References United Nations Secre
Page 279 and 280: 256 References ———. 1999. “
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