Taking action: achieving gender equality and empowering women

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References 243 Maman, S., J. Campbell, M. Sweat, and A.C. Gielen. 2000. “The Intersection of HIV & Violence: Directions for Future Research and Interventions.” Social Science and Medicine 50(4): 459–78. Mammen, K., and C. Paxson. 2000. “Women’s Work and Economic Development.” The Journal of Economic Perspectives 14(4): 141–64. Manimala. 1983. “Zameen kenkar? Jote onkar! Women’s Participation in the Bodhgaya Land Struggle.” Manushi 14: 2–16. Mansbridge, J. 1999. “Should Blacks Represent Blacks and Women Represent Women? A Contingent ‘Yes.’” The Journal of Politics 61(3): 628–57. Marphatia, A. 2004. “Summary of E-discussion on Universal Primary Education MDG and Task Force Report.” ActionAid International with the Commonwealth Education Fund (CEF), the Global Campaign on Education (GCE), and One World South Asia (OWSA), London. Martin, S. L., A. O. Tsui, K. Maitra, and R. Marinshaw. 1999. “Domestic Violence in Northern India.” American Journal of Epidemiology 150(4): 417–26. Masika, R., and S. Baden. 1997. “Infrastructure and Poverty: A Gender Analysis.” BRIDGE Development and Gender Report 51. University of Sussex, Institute of Development Studies, Brighton, U.K. Mason, K. and H. Carlsson. 2004. “The Impact of Gender Equality in Land Rights on Development.” Paper presented at the Human Rights and Development: Towards Mutual Reinforcement conference hosted by the New York University School of Law, March 1, New York. Mathur, S., M. Greene, and A. Malhotra. 2003. Too Young to Wed. The Lives, Rights, and Health of Young Married Girls. Washington, D.C.: International Center for Research on Women. Mattison, T. 2003. “Challenging Gender-based Violence across Genders.” Internet Relay Chat. [www.irc.org]. McCann, B. 1998. “The Building Bridges: A Review of Infrastructure Services Projects Addressing Gender Integration.” Women in Development and Gender Equity Division of the Canadian International Development Agency, Quebec. McDonagh, E. 2002. “Political Citizenship and Democratization: The Gender Paradox.” American Political Science Review 96(3): 535–52. McGlen, N. E., and M. R. Sarkees. 1993. Women in Foreign Policy: The Insiders. New York: Routledge. McPhedran, M., S. Bazilli, M. Erickson, and A. Byrnes. 2000. The First CEDAW Impact Study. Final Report. Toronto: York University, Centre for Feminist Research and the International Women’s Rights Project. Mehra, R., and S. Gammage. 1999. “Trends, Countertrends, and Gaps in Women’s Employment.” World Development 27(3): 533–50. Menon, G. 1996. “Re-negotiating Gender: Enabling Women to Claim their Right to Land Resources.” Paper presented at NGO Forum on the UN Conference on Human Settlements—HABITAT II, June 3–14, Istanbul. Menon-Sen, K. 2003. Millennium Development Goals Reports: A Quick Look through a Gender Lens. BDP-PNUD. New York. Mensch, B., J. Bruce, and M. Greene. 1998. The Uncharted Passage: Girls’ Adolescence in the Developing World. New York: Population Council. Mitra, N. 1998. “Best Practices among Responses to Domestic Violence: A Study of Government and Non-Government Responses in Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.” International Center for Research on Women, Washington, D.C.
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The UN Millennium Project is an ind
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Task Force on Hunger Halving hunger
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Foreword The world has an unprecede
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Contents Foreword iii Task force me
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Contents vii Chapter 12 Making it h
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Contents ix 4.1 HIV prevalence rate
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Task force members Task force coord
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Preface At the Millennium Summit in
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Acknowledgments The authors would l
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Abbreviations AGI CEDAW CRC DALY DD
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Millennium Development Goals xix
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2 Executive summary Achieving Goal
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4 Executive summary Gender inequali
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6 Executive summary Sexual and repr
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8 Executive summary The time spent
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10 Executive summary Several types
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12 Executive summary Employmentenha
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14 Executive summary Gender quotas
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16 Executive summary Infrastructure
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18 Executive summary Box 1 Proposed
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20 Executive summary A transformati
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22 Executive summary Women’s orga
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24 Executive summary The internatio
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26 Executive summary The next 10 ye
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28 Chapter 1 Genuine equality means
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Chapter 2 Task force perspective on
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32 Chapter 2 Box 2.2 Achieving the
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34 Chapter 2 The task force believe
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Chapter 3 Strengthen opportunities
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38 Chapter 3 Higher levels of educa
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40 Chapter 3 Female education can r
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42 Chapter 3 All regions except Sou
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44 Chapter 3 Table 3.4 Primary scho
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46 Chapter 3 Table 3.7 Enrollment r
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48 Chapter 3 Scholarship programs h
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50 Chapter 3 Decreasing the distanc
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52 Chapter 3 Support to literacy pr
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54 Chapter 4 Sexual and reproductiv
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56 Chapter 4 At the end of 2004 abo
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58 Chapter 4 Figure 4.1 Rates of ea
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60 Chapter 4 Interventions to impro
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62 Chapter 4 A critical priority is
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64 Chapter 4 Schools can provide li
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Chapter 5 Invest in infrastructure
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68 Chapter 5 Figure 5.2 Women are t
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70 Chapter 5 Taking women’s perce
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72 Chapter 5 Cost is often a constr
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74 Chapter 5 and Elson 1995). If us
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76 Chapter 6 Effective land rights
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78 Chapter 6 Gathering systematic e
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80 Chapter 6 In Sub-Saharan Africa
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82 Chapter 6 Land markets have been
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84 Chapter 6 and recording women’
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86 Chapter 6 At the international l
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Chapter 7 Reduce gender inequality
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90 Chapter 7 In only 17 of 110 coun
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92 Chapter 7 Table 7.3 Female share
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94 Chapter 7 Gender gaps in earning
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96 Chapter 7 An important strategy
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98 Chapter 7 For poor women, public
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100 Chapter 7 Many developed and de
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102 Chapter 7 Decent, productive wo
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Chapter 8 Increase women’s repres
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106 Chapter 8 Only 14 countries hav
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108 Chapter 8 Experience offers fou
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Chapter 9 Combat violence against w
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112 Chapter 9 Surveys often find th
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114 Chapter 9 The economic, social,
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116 Chapter 9 Interventions for com
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118 Chapter 9 Communities play an i
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120 Chapter 9 Box 9.1 Mainstreaming
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Chapter 10 Data and indicators for
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124 Chapter 10 Box 10.1 Proposed in
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126 Chapter 10 The task force recom
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128 Chapter 10 Improving countries
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Chapter 11 The financial costs of i
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132 Chapter 11 A gender needs asses
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134 Chapter 11 empower women. For e
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136 Chapter 11 costs of setting up
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Chapter 12 Making it happen Althoug
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140 Chapter 12 Gender analysis invo
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142 Chapter 12 Through legislation,
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144 Chapter 12 The reporting obliga
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146 Chapter 12 Box 12.2 Cambodia: t
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148 Chapter 12 Box 12.3 Chile: the
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150 Chapter 12 Box 12.5 South Afric
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152 Chapter 12 Poverty reduction st
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154 Chapter 12 The next 10 years pr
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156 Appendix 1 illiterate, while th
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158 Appendix 1 Box A1.1 Regional cl
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160 Appendix 1 Table A1.3 Country p
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162 Appendix 1 are likely to fall b
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164 Appendix 1 Table A1.7 Female an
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174 Appendix 1 Table A1.10 Adult fe
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176 Appendix 1 Table A1.10 Adult fe
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Appendix 2 Reproductive health stat
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Appendix 3 Employment statistics Ta
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182 Appendix 3 Table A3.2 Maternity
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184 Appendix 3 Table A3.2 Maternity
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186 Appendix 3 Table A3.3 Women’s
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188 Appendix 3 Table A3.3 Women’s
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190 Appendix 4 Table A4.1 Share of
Page 215 and 216: 192 Appendix 4 Table A4.3 Results o
Page 217 and 218: 194 Appendix 4 Table A4.4 Share of
Page 219 and 220: 196 Appendix 4 Table A4.4 Share of
Page 221 and 222: Appendix 6 Summary of e-discussion
Page 223 and 224: 200 Appendix 6 caveats to be consid
Page 225 and 226: 202 Appendix 6 political opportunit
Page 227 and 228: 204 Appendix 6 investment in infras
Page 229 and 230: 206 Appendix 6 does not lower women
Page 231 and 232: 208 Appendix 6 • Conduct public a
Page 233 and 234: 210 Appendix 6 women—hardly a gen
Page 235 and 236: 212 Appendix 6 commented on gender-
Page 237 and 238: 214 Appendix 6 clear is the extent
Page 239 and 240: 216 Notes from many different count
Page 241 and 242: 218 Notes 5. A condition of such ow
Page 243 and 244: 220 Notes 14. The pension is paid o
Page 245 and 246: 222 Notes Chapter 11 1. Using data
Page 247 and 248: References Aboim, M. 2002. “Brazi
Page 249 and 250: 226 References Aromolaran, A. 2002.
Page 251 and 252: 228 References Bid, P., R. Nanavaty
Page 253 and 254: 230 References Case, A., and A. Dea
Page 255 and 256: 232 References ———. 2001. Emp
Page 257 and 258: 234 References Floro, M. 1995. “E
Page 259 and 260: 236 References Harding, S. 1996.
Page 261 and 262: 238 References ———. 2000. “
Page 263 and 264: 240 References Kaufmann, D., A. Kra
Page 265: 242 References son-Kuhn, and J. Haa
Page 269 and 270: 246 References Ostro, B. J., M. San
Page 271 and 272: 248 References Rehn, E., and E. Joh
Page 273 and 274: 250 References Global Technical Con
Page 275 and 276: 252 References UNAIDS. 2003a. Acces
Page 277 and 278: 254 References United Nations Secre
Page 279 and 280: 256 References ———. 1999. “
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