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Osteopenia and osteoporosis in among HIV-infected patients treated with antiretroviral
therapy. A relationship with male gender and protease inhibitor administration
Roberto Manfredi, Leonardo Calza
Infectious Diseases, University of Bologna, Italy
Introduction
The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in a
homogeneous cohort of patients with HIV infection followed at a single reference centre,
and to assess their clinical significance, and their possible correlation with demographic
variables and the selected, background antiretroviral associations.
Patients and Methods
All patients were enrolled among the over 1,000 adult subjects with HIV infection referring
to our tertiary care outpatient centre of S. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy. Bone mineral
density was measured in lumbar spine and femoral proximal head, by a dual energy X-ray
absorptiometry (DEXA) technique.
Results
A total number of 95 HIV-infected patients (45 males and 50 females), were enrolled until
now: 12 subjects were naïve to antiretroviral therapy, while the large majority of patients
(83 cases: 87.4%) were already treated with anti-HIV compounds. Among treated
individuals, 18 received three nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), 28 were
treated with two NRTIs plus one non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI),
and the remaining 37 patients received two NRTIs plus one protease inhibitor (PI) (either
boosterized or not). As a whole, the overall prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis
according to lumbar T-score was 37.9% and 9.5% respectively, and osteoporosis was
significantly more frequent in males than in females (20% versus 0%; p