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the current focus of research is to evaluate more agressive therapeutic strategies with a<br />

view to enhancing the response to retreatment. These studies will provide direction as to<br />

whether the use of higher interferon doses, a longer duration of treatment, or a<br />

combination of both increased dose and treatment duration, can enhance the response<br />

rates currently seen. Finally, in the next 1-2 years, a clearer picture will begin to emerge<br />

to determine the role of pegylated interferon maintenance therapy in the prevention of<br />

cirrhosis and its associated complications (12,14, 37), and new data will be available with<br />

the new antiviral agents.<br />

.<br />

References<br />

1) Fried MW, Shiffman ML, Reddy KR, Smith C, Marinos G, Goncales FL, Jr., et al. Peginterferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin for chronic hepatitis<br />

C virus infection. N Engl J Med 2002;347: 975-82.<br />

2) Hadziyannis SJ, Sette H, Jr., Morgan TR, Balan V, Diago M, Marcellin P, et al. Peginterferon-alpha2a and ribavirin combination therapy<br />

in chronic hepatitis C: a randomized study of treatment duration and ribavirin dose. Ann Intern Med 2004;140: 346-55.<br />

3) Manns MP, McHutchison JG, Gordon SC, Rustgi VK, Shiffman M, Reindollar R, et al. Peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin compared<br />

with interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin for initial treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a randomised trial. Lancet 2001;358: 958-65.<br />

4) Zeuzem S, Diago M, Gane E, Reddy KR, Pockros P, Prati D, et al. Peginterferon alfa-2a (40 kilodaltons) and ribavirin in patients<br />

with chronic hepatitis C and normal aminotransferase levels. Gastroenterology 2004;127: 1724-32<br />

5) Zeuzem S, Pawlotsky J-M, Lukasiewicz E, von Wagner M, Goulis I, Lurie Y, et al. International, multicenter, randomized, controlled<br />

study comparing dynamically individualized versus standard treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol 2005;43: 250-7.<br />

6) McHutchison JG, Manns M, Patel K, Poynard T, Lindsay KL, Trepo C, et al. Adherence to combination therapy enhances sustained<br />

response in genotype-1-infected patients with chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology 2002;123: 1061-9.<br />

7) Reddy KR, Hadziyannis SJ, Diago M, Marcellin P, Lopez-Talavera JC, Wright TL. The influence of cumulative peginterferon alfa 2a<br />

and ribavirin exposure on sustained virological response rates in patients with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C [abstract]. J Hepatol<br />

2005;42: 217.<br />

8) Zeuzem S. Heterogeneous virologic response rates to interferon-based therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C: who responds<br />

less well? Ann Intern Med 2004;140: 370-81.<br />

9) Chousterman M, Auray-Cartier V, Hagege H, et al. Efficacy of pegylated interferon alpha-2b in combination with ribavirin in patients<br />

with chronic hepatitis C non-responders to a previous treatment [abstract]. J Hepatol 2003;38: 133.<br />

10) Diago M, Romero-Gomez M, Crespo J, et al. Peginterferon alfa-2a (Pegasys) and ribavirin (Copegus) in patients infected with HCV<br />

genotype 1 who failed to respond to interferon and ribavirin: <strong>final</strong> results of the Spanish high dose induction pilot trial [abstract].<br />

Hepatology 2004;40: 389A.<br />

11) Portal I, Botta-Fridlund D, Bourliere M, et al. Treatment with pegylated interferon alfa 2b in relapsers to standard interferon plus ribivirin<br />

in chronic hepatitis C: efficacy and safety results from a randomized multicentric French study [abstract]. Hepatology 2003;38:<br />

311A.<br />

12) Shiffman ML, Di Bisceglie AM, Lindsay KL, Morishima C, Wright EC, Everson GT, et al. Peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin in<br />

patients with chronic hepatitis C who have failed prior treatment. Gastroenterology 2004;126: 1015-23; discussion 947.<br />

13) Lee WM, Dienstag JL, Lindsay KL, Lok AS, Bonkovsky HL, Shiffman ML, et al. Evolution of the HALT-C Trial: pegylated interferon<br />

as maintenance therapy for chronic hepatitis C in previous interferon nonresponders. Control Clin Trials 2004;25: 472-92.<br />

14) Poynard T, Schiff E, Terg R, Goncales F, Diago M, Reichen J, et al. Sustained virological response in the EPIC 3 trial: Week twelve<br />

virology predicts SVR in previous interferon/ribavirin failure receiving Peg-Intron/Rebetol (PR) weight based dosing (WBD) [abstract].<br />

J Hepatol 2005;42: 40-1<br />

15) Gitlin N, Muther K. Sustained viral response (SVR) with peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis c (CHC)<br />

who were non responders (NR) to peginterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin. Hepatology 2004;40 (suppl 1): 343A. Abstract 413<br />

16) Herrine SK, Brown RS, Jr., Bernstein DE, Ondovik MS, Lentz E, Te H. Peginterferon alpha-2a combination therapies in chronic<br />

hepatitis C patients who relapsed after or had a viral breakthrough on therapy with standard interferon alpha-2b plus ribavirin: a pilot<br />

study of efficacy and safety. Dig Dis Sci 2005;50: 719-26<br />

17) Younossi ZM, McCullough AC, Barnes DS, Post A, Ong JP, O'Shea R, et al. Pegylated interferon alpha-2b, ribavirin and amantadine<br />

for chronic hepatitis C. Dig Dis Sci 2005;50: 970-5.<br />

18) Mangia A, Ricci GL, Persico M, Minerva N, Carretta V, Bacca D, et al. A randomized controlled trial of pegylated interferon alpha-<br />

2a (40 KD) or interferon alpha-2a plus ribavirin and amantadine vs interferon alpha-2a and ribavirin in treatment-naive patients with<br />

chronic hepatitis C. J Viral Hepat 2005;12: 292-9<br />

19) Maynard M, Si Ahmed SN, Bailly F, et al. Retreatment of IFN/ribavirin non responder hepatitis C patients: benefit of Peginterferon/ribavirin/amantadine<br />

[abstract]. Hepatology 2004;40: 398A.<br />

20) Oguz D, Cicek B, Filik L, Odemis B, Kilic M, Altintas E, et al. Effect of interferon and ribavirin combined with amantadine in interferon<br />

and ribavirin non-responder patients with chronic hepatitis C (genotype 1). World J Gastroenterol 2005;11: 580-3.<br />

21) Poynard T, McHutchison J, Manns M, Trepo C, Lindsay K, Goodman Z, et al. Impact of pegylated interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin<br />

on liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology 2002;122: 1303-13.<br />

22) Deltenre P, Henrion J, Canva V, Dharancy S, Texier F, Louvet A, et al. Evaluation of amantadine in chronic hepatitis C: a meta-analysis.<br />

J Hepatol 2004;41: 462-73.<br />

23) Leevy CB, Blatt L, Chalmers C. Interim results of a pilot study of the combination of type 1 (IFN alfacon) and type 2 (IFN gamma<br />

1B) interferons in chronic hepatitis C patients who have failed to respond to PEG-interferon alfa2a plus ribavirin [abstract]. Hepatology<br />

2004;40: 394A.<br />

24) Poo JL, Sanchez Tapias JM, Kershenobich D, et al. A pilot trial of thymalfasin (thymosin alpha-1) in combination with peginterferon<br />

alfa-2A and ribavirin in HCV non responders: 48 week results [abstract]. Hepatology 2004;40: 336A.<br />

25) Bocher WO, Schuchmann M, Link R, et al. Consensus interferon and ribavirin for patients with chronic hepatitis C and failure of<br />

previous interferon alpha therapy. Liver Int 2006; 26: 319-325.<br />

ABSTRACTS<br />

“ Focusing FIRST on PEOPLE “ 77 w w w . i s h e i d . c o m

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