Beauheim 1987 - Waste Isolation Pilot Plant - U.S. Department of ...

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distinct value of Coe2s. Pressure-derivative type curves begin with an initial segment with unit slope corresponding to early-time wellbore storage and skin effects. This segment reaches a maximum that is proportional to the amount of wellbore storage and skin, and then the curve declines and stabilizes at a dimensionless pressure/semilog slope value of 0.5 corresponding to late-time, infinite-acting, radial flow. Pressure-derivative data in combination with pressure data are much more sensitive indicators of doubleporosity effects, boundary effects. nonstatic antecedent test conditions, and other phenomena than are pressure data alone. For this reason, pressure-derivative data are useful in choosing between conflicting conceptual models that often cannot be differentiated on the basis of pressure data alone. Pressure-derivative data are also useful in determining when infinite-acting, radial flow occurs during a test, because this condition causes the pressure derivative to stabilize at a constant value. For any given point, the pressure derivative is calculated as the linear-regression slope of a semilog line fit through that point and any chosen number of neighboring points on either side. Theequation for the derivative follows: p' = i=l i=l 1=1 n n (A-6) i=l i=l where, for a single constant-rate flow period: n = number of points to be fitted xi = In At, Yi = APi Ati = elapsed test time at point i, hr Ap, = pressure change at Ati. psi. For a multi-rate flow period or a buildup period, the time parameter is a superposition function calculated as: n-1 n-1 i=l j=l (A-7) where: q = flow rate, BPD At = elapsed time during a flow period, hr 148
with subscripts: i = individual flow period j = individual flow period n = number of flow periods considered. In general, the fewer the number of points used in calculating the derivative, the more accurate it will be. Three-point derivatives, calculated using only the nearest neighbor on either side of a point, usually provide enough resolution to distinguish most important features. However, excessive noise in the data sometimes makes it necessary to use five- or seven-point derivatives, or various "windowing" procedures, to obtain a smooth curve. Unfortunately, these procedures may also smooth out some of the features of the curve needed for interpretation. The type curves published by both Gringarten et al. (1979) and Bourdet et al. (1984) were derived for flow-period (drawdown) analysis. In general, the curves can also be used for buildup-period analysis, so long as it is recognized that, at late time, buildup data will fall below the drawdown type curves because of superposition effects. If the test analysis is to be performed manually, the drawdown or buildup data are plotted as pressure change since drawdown or buildup began (Ap) versus elapsed time since drawdown or buildup began (t) on log-log paper of the same scale as the type curves. The derivative of the pressure change is also plotted using the same vertical axis as the Ap data. The data plot is then laid over the type curves and moved both laterally and vertically, so long as the axes remain parallel, until a match is achieved between the data and pressure and pressure-derivative curves with the same CDe2s value. When the data fit the curves, an arbitrary match point is selected, and the coordinates of that point on both the data plot, t and Ap, and on the type-curve plot, pD and t&D, are noted. The permeability-thickness product is then calculated from a rearrangement of Eq (A-1): PD kh = 141.2qBp - AP (A-8) The groundwater-hydrology parameter transmissivity, T, is related to the permeability-thickness product by the following relationship, modified from Freeze and Cherry (1979): where: T = k hpg/p p = fluid density, M/L3 g = gravitational acceleration, L/T~ p = fluid viscosity, M/LT (A-9) When T is given in ft2/day, kh is given in millidarcy-feet,p is given in g/cm3, g is set equal to980.665crn/s2, andp is given in centipoises, Eq (A-9) becomes: T = 2.7435 x khplp (A-10) 149
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SANDIA REPORT SAND87 -0039 UC - 70
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SAND87-0039 Unlimited Release Print
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a transmissivity of about 7 x 10-2
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5 . TEST OBJECTIVES AND INTERPRETAT
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3-18 3-19 3-20 3-21 3-22 3-23 3-24
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5-35 H-l5/Culebra Drillstem and Slu
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5-78 5-79 5-80 5-81 5-82 5-83 5-84
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A-2 A-3 A4 A-5 A-6 Single-Porosity
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'H-6 o DOE-2 OHIPP-13 OAIPP 12 OH-1
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WlPP site. The aggregate thickness
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deep. The gamma-ray log used to gui
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3347.11 ft \ - -12.25-inch HOLE -8.
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~ 3409.6 n __ - - HOLOCENE DEPOSITS
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Ylf M (t -1wt 5 n nch REAMED BOREHO
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3418.96 n 7.875-inch REAMED BOREHOL
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2.375-inch TUBING 4.5-inch. 9.5 Ibl
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WELL CASING 2.375-inch TUBING TEST-
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1.5-Inch GALVANIZED PIPE WELL CASIN
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I I I I PRE-TEST STATIC PRESSURE i/
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(or areal extent) of the aquifer on
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:7001 J EQUILIBRATION / r.. .......
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Once straddle tests proved impossib
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1300 c - J PRE-TEST PRESSURE IN TES
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- < a m L: * m 3 L a I Start Date:
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uildups were caused by the natural
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TABLE 5-1 EFFECTIVE DST FLOW RATES
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TABLE 5-2 SUMMARY OF NON-CULEBRA SI
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simulation shown, however, uses a t
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1 .o 0.9 0.8 p' = 79.08 paig pi = 6
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~ ~~ TABLE 5-3 SUMMARY OF CULEBRA S
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Two factors raised questions about
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102 I I 1 1 1 W K 3 v) v) W K n v)
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5.2.2.21 below) and DOE-2 (Beauheim
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..A 225 - PRESSURE ABOVE TEST INTER
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10' n ui K 3 v) v) W a n v) v) 100
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10' MATCH PARAMETERS O n w a 3 v) v
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..CI__._._..__....__.I 5.2.2.6 H-15
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8.0 1 I I I MATCH PARAMETERS AP 1.0
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- 200 150 5 - EQUILIBRATION \Feu 'S
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4.0 1 I 1 1 3.0 I n 2.0 1 .o 0.0 0.
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1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0 0.5 0.4 0.3 0
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3.0 .hl c El2 2.0 . v n I P 1 .o MA
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EI€3- 0.9 "O I OOATA - TYPE CURVE
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4.0 I I I 3.0 MATCH PARAMETERS AP =
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1 .o 0.9 0.8 0.7 1 MATCH PARAMETERS
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1 .o 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0 2 0.5 I 0.4
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1.0, 0 I 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 MA
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P-15 was bailed on four occasions i
Page 98 and 99: 1 .o 0.9 0.8 - p’ = 78.93 prig p,
Page 100 and 101: Two type-curve matches are shown wi
Page 102 and 103: 0 5 I ELAPSED TIME. hours Figure 5-
Page 104 and 105: 10’ 1 I I I n a w 5 100 v) v) W a
Page 106 and 107: MATCH PARAMETERS -ip 10 PSI 150 t 1
Page 108 and 109: Considering that all other pumping
Page 110 and 111: I ,EQUILIBRATION BUILDUP Elapsed Ti
Page 112 and 113: 0 9. w 10’ K =a 100 v) v) W a n v
Page 114 and 115: 10’ I I I a J P 100 v) v) W a n v
Page 116 and 117: ~ ~. SLUG t i /- i 3 Start Date 07
Page 118 and 119: Figure 5-94 is a log-log plot of th
Page 120 and 121: was followed by a 92-minute FBU. Th
Page 122 and 123: 10’ 1 1 1 1 a n w’ a = 100 v) v
Page 124 and 125: and anhydrite, and were not conside
Page 126 and 127: 4.0 MATCH PARAMETERS .A. L. 21% 3.0
Page 128 and 129: Estimates of the static formation p
Page 130 and 131: 10’ n w 2 100 v) v) w a P v) v) w
Page 132 and 133: OWIPP-28. 70 OWIPP-27.650 OWIPP-30.
Page 134 and 135: to Nash Draw where no halite is pre
Page 136 and 137: observations regarding the potentia
Page 138 and 139: 7. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS Single-w
Page 140 and 141: REFERENCES Bachman, G.O. 1984. Regi
Page 142 and 143: INTERA Technologies, Inc. 1986. WlP
Page 144 and 145: Stensrud, W.A.; Bame, M.A.; Lantr,
Page 146 and 147: (A-4)
Page 150 and 151: The wellbore storage coefficient is
Page 152 and 153: where: n = number of normal sets of
Page 154 and 155: (A-21) and for spherical blocks the
Page 156 and 157: where: tp* = Vfq, V = total flow pr
Page 158 and 159: Figure A-5. Semilog Slug-Test Type
Page 160 and 161: A.4 INTERPRET WELL-TEST INTERPRETAT
Page 162 and 163: DISTRIBUTION: U. S. Department of E
Page 164 and 165: INTERA Technologies, Inc. (9) 6580
Page 166 and 167: WlPP Public Reading Room Carlsbad M
Page 168 and 169: Nationale Genossenschaft fur die La
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