Early Cretaceous Freshwater Fish Fauna in Kyushu, Japan

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Early Cretaceous Freshwater Fish Fauna in Kyushu, Japan 247 In Palaeogene, the only record of a freshwater fish is a cypriniform fish from the Eocene Horokabetsu Formation of the Ishikari Series in Yubari City, Hokkaido (Inoue and Uyeno, 1968). Freshwater fish fossils become abundant in the Neogene sediments. Fish fossils from Iki Island in Nagasaki Prefecture are composed of 12 species of the order Cypriniformes, 4 species of the Perciformes, one species of the Scorpaeniformes and one species of the Mastacembelidae (Hayashi, 1975; Jordan, 1919; Uyeno, 1980). Extant species of the Mastacembelidae is distributed in tropical Africa through Syria to the Malayan Archipelago and China, but they are not distributed in Japan. Besides these, several Miocene freshwater fishes have been found in Yamagata, Kyoto, Gifu and Mie Prefectures. Most of them belong to the order Cypriniformes. In Pliocene, numerous isolated pharyngeal teeth of cyprinid fishes are found from the Kobiwako Group in Mie Prefecture (Nakajima, 1987). Gobiid fish, Rhinogobius giurinus, are found from the Togo Formation in Kagoshima Prefecture (Uyeno and Iwao, 1975). The Pleistocene fishes are abundant in the Kusu Formation. They are consti tuted of one salmonid, 3 cyprinids and 2 gobiids (Uyeno et al., 1975; Yabumoto, 1987). Numerous isolated pharyngeal teeth of Cypriniformes are found in the Kobiwako Group (Nakajima, 1987). The cyprinid fish, Tribolodon sp. cf. T. hakonensis, is described from the early or middle Pleistocene Shiobara Group in Tochigi Prefecture (Uyeno, 1967). Several species of cyprinid fishes are found from the Kusu Basin in Oita Prefecture (Nakajima et al., 1988). In general, freshwater fish fossils are rare in the Mesozoic and Palaeogene sediments, but became abundant in Neogene sediments in Japan. The Wakino fish fauna represents the only significant Mesozoic freshwater fish fauna found so far in Japan. Acknowledgments The present study is my doctoral dissertation that was submitted to the Faculty of Science of Kyushu University in 1992. I wish to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Masamichi Ota, director of the Kitakyushu Museum and Institute of Natural History (the former name is the Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History) and Dr. Juichi Yanagida of Kyushu University, for valuable advice, guidance and encourage ment throughout the present study. Dr. M. Ota helped me with the geological investigation of the Wakino Subgroup and taught me much about geology and paleontology. I am also grateful to the late Dr. Ryuzo Toriyama, the first director of the Kitakyushu Museum and Institute of Natural History, for supporting and encouraging my fish fossil studies. I benefited greatly from his library in the Museum. Dr. Teruya Uyeno of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, has guided and
248 Yoshitaka Yabumoto encouraged me since I was an undergraduate student and has imparted to me his knowledge of and enthusiasm for ichthyology and paleontology. I am deeply indebted to him for his valuable advice during this study and his critical reading of this manuscript. I also wish to express my thanks to the late Dr. Yoshihisa Ota of the former professor of Fukuoka Gakugei University for helpful advice concerning the geology and fossils in the Wakino Subgroup of the Kwanmon Group. I am grateful to Dr. Hakuyu Okada and Dr. Akihiko Matsukuma of Kyushu University for their critical reading of this manuscript. I thank Mr. Tateyu Aoki of Chikushigaoka Junior High School in Fukuoka City and Mr. Masahiro Sato of the Board of Education of Kitakyushu City, members of the Kitakyushu Natural History Society, for their help in excavating fish fossils and for donation of their specimens. The present study benefited from Mr. Aoki's skillful preparation of fish fossil specimens. I also wish to thank to Mr. Naoki Kikuchi, a student at Kochi University for donation of his specimens. I express my gratitude to my colleague Dr. Kyoichiro Ueda, a curator at the Kitakyushu Museum and Institute of Natural History for his support and encourage ment of the present study, and to Mr. Yoshihiko Okazaki, a curator at the same museum, for his helpful advice on fossils. Mr. Atsushi Fujii and Dr. Masayoshi Takeishi, curators at the same museum helped in the excavation of fish fossils, for which I am grateful. I wish to express my thanks to Mrs. Janet Kramer for editing the manuscript. Numerous individuals have contributed to my enthusiasm for ichthyology and paleontology. To name them all would be difficult and the risk of omitting someone would be great. I am grateful to all of them. In addition to those mentioned above, however, a few very special people stand out in my mind. I am grateful to Dr. Tadashi Kubota of Tokai University for giving me the chance to study ichthyology under Dr. Teruya Uyeno. I wish to express my thanks to Dr. Yoshiaki Tominaga of the University of Tokyo for his guidance during my early ichthyological studies. I am also grateful to the late Professor Katsuzo Kuronuma, the former president of the Tokyo University of Fisheries, whose inspiring lecture shaped my future interest and enthusiasm for ichthyology. Finally, my special thanks go to all the staff at the Kitakyushu Museum and Institute of Natural History for their warm encouragement. References Agassiz, L. 1832. Untersuchungen iiber die fossilen Susswasser-Fische der tertiaren Formationen. Jahrb.f. Miner., pp. 129-138. Azuma, Y. and Y. Hasegawa. 1989. b. Vertebrate fossils. In The Board of Education of Shiramine Village (ed.) Report ofthe countermeasurefor preservation ofthe silicified wood sites in the basin ofthe Tetori River, pp.26-29, figs. 1-3,The Board of Education of Shiramine Village. Boreske, J. R.Jr. 1974. A review ofthe North American fossil amiid fishes. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
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40-42 2.9 Early Cretaceous Freshwat
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10mm Fig. 52. Wakinoichthys aokii g
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Early Cretaceous Freshwater Fish Fauna in Kyushu, Japan

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