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The industry today Publishing in the knowledge economy Figure 4.4 Gross value-added and employment costs 10000 • Gross value added • Employment costs Figure 4.6 Trends in publication paper pricing 1000, euro per ton • Newsprint • SC • LWC 8000 800 6000 600 4000 2000 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001E 2002E Source Merrill Lynch 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Note: LWC = Light weight coated; SC = Super calendared Source ONS ABI Figure 4.5 Gross value-added per employee 150, 1998 = 100 Figure 4.7 Newsprint capacity and demand 50 • Capacity • Demand 120 40 90 30 60 20 30 10 1998 1999 2000 Europe N America Asia World Source ONS ABI Source World Press Trends > 25
Publishing in the knowledge economy The industry today 4.3 Cross industry comparison In assessing the performance of the UK publishing industry it is useful to have comparisons across sectors, but finding meaningful comparators is not straightforward, especially for a sector such as publishing, which straddles the manufacturing/service divide. The OECD makes a useful division between Information and Communications Technology (ICT)-producing industries and ICT-using industries, classifying publishing in with the latter group. For the comparators we have chosen sub-sectors mostly from the ICT-using industries, with telecommunications from the ICT-producers. Figures 4.8 and 4.9 summarise data from the Annual Business Inquiry and place publishing in its context. There are many more enterprises in printing compared to publishing, which has seen a growth in enterprises in the 1990s alongside the growth seen in the number of firms in the advertising industry. The largest rate of growth – although from the smallest base – is in the recording media sub-sector. Employment has been broadly stable in all five industries, again with the exception of recording media where the number of employees rose by 50% between 1998 and 2000. Value-added is highest in the telecommunications industry, which has seen sharp rises in productivity during the 1990s. The rise in value-added in publishing is more modest and broadly matches that seen in printing. Comparative data on measures of entrepreneurship are hard to find for any industries. The UK competitiveness indicators use figures from the Annual Respondents’ Database (ARD), but measures for sub-sectors are only available at relatively high levels of aggregation. Figure 4.10 illustrates this, showing entry and exit rates per year for a number of manufacturing industries 1 . Publishing is amalgamated with printing and the pulp industries in sector 22. As far as we can tell, this sector is fairly representative of UK manufacturing, with perhaps a slightly higher than average rate of entry. Entry and exit rates are used in the UK Competitiveness Indicators as a marker of entrepreneurship, on the basis that high levels should in principle improve resource allocation. However, high entry rates are not always a good sign of entrepreneurship; business growth rates and innovation also need to be taken into account. 1 The information is from Entry, Exit and Establishment Survival in UK Manufacturing by Richard Disney, Jonathan Haskel and Ylva Heden 26
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