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Publishing in the knowledge economy The industry today 11.4 Summary of definitional issues and data gaps Publishing Newspapers Books Journals Definitional issues Official data covers books, newspapers, journals and periodicals and some ‘other’ publishing but not databases, news agencies, list rental, exhibitions, etc. No satisfactory definition yet exists – key requirement. For some purposes and at an international (e.g. EU and OECD) level, publishing is still amalgamated with printing and even wood pulp and paper making Official data splits newspapers on basis of frequency of publication into newspapers and journals and periodicals; unofficial data splits by national and regional No major definitional problems – though it can be difficult to weed out self-publishers and single book publishers, leading to wide variations in enterprise numbers. E-books, fragmentation of 'the book' and Print on Demand may in future throw up quantitative issues Official data merges all journals and periodicals together. Global nature of academic/STM business means it's important to distinguish UK revenues, worldwide revenues of UK based publishers etc. New electronic products and aggregators need to be accommodated in definitions Number of enterprises Official data agreed to be an underestimate Comparatively high concentration makes 'universe' calculable for survey purposes. Good unofficial data No agreed data – official numbers c. 3000, unofficial 30,000-40,000 Unofficial data on UK based publishers, but quite high range of numbers Turnover and net revenues No agreed total – official underestimates Both official and unofficial data exists Both official and unofficial data exists; unofficial data is improving Unofficial annual survey data; problems of nonresponse/ unrepresentativeness Value added No agreed total – official underestimates Official data exists since 1993 but with gaps Official data exists since 1993 No separate data Employment Labour Force Survey data likely to be closer to reality as it is self-defined by employee, but freelancing an issue Labour Force Survey data covers whole industry but very small sample size makes for high variability from year to year Labour Force Survey data covers whole industry but very small sample size makes for high variability from year to year No separate data Exports Need agreement on how to represent globalised nature of book publishing quantitatively Need agreement on how to represent globalised nature of journal publishing quantitatively Rights and licensing income Some data in the balance of trade in services No data No data – very significant gap Some data Investment Capital spending data exists but what is really needed is a measure of investment in intellectual property Capital spending data exists but what is really needed is a measure of investment in intellectual property Capital spending data exists but what is really needed is a measure of investment in intellectual property No separate dat Entrepreneurship Entry and exit rates in Annual Respondents Database but publishing merged with printing No data No data No data Innovation Publishing included with printing and paper in Community Innovation Survey Proxy: Number of new titles data Proxy: number of new titles data Proxy: number of new journals launched Environmental/ wastage indicators No overall data No aggregate data Survey data on returns and estimates of pulping – not regular No data 68
The industry today Publishing in the knowledge economy Consumer magazines Business magazines Directories Newsletters Definitional issues Official data merges all journals and periodicals together. Also no split between consumer and B2B Official data merges all journals and periodicals together. Also no split between consumer and B2B. How ancillary revenues e.g. conferences, databases etc, be accounted for in the official definitions Increasing overlap with databases, some titles exist in electronic form only and this will increase over time Many titles exist in electronic form only and this will increase over time. Low barriers to entry to email newsletters imply large number of small or microenterprises not captured in statistics Number of enterprises No agreed dat No agreed data Unofficial data No agreed data Turnover and net revenues Unofficial data on gross and net revenues Unofficial regular data on gross advertising revenue only, one-off survey data on total revenues Unofficial annual survey data; problems of nonresponse/unrepresentativ eness One off unofficial B2B survey data Value added No separate data No separate data No data No data Employment No separate data No separate data Annual survey data on number of employees per firm but can't be grossed up One off unofficial B2B survey data Exports Some unofficial data on percentage of sales Some unofficial data on percentage of sale No data No data Rights and licensing income No data No data Some survey data on ancillary revenues No data Investment No separate data No separate data No data No data Entrepreneurship No data No data No data No data Innovation Proxy: new magazine launches Proxy: new magazine launches No data No data Environmental/ wastage indicators Source Pira Unofficial data – needs careful interpretation to adjust for changed retailing conditions Very difficult – no returns on free magazines No data No data 69
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