Orientalism - autonomous learning

364 Notes
very interesting accounts of the Saint-Hilaires' place in the development of
the life sciences.
55. E. Saint-Hilaire, Philosophie anatomique, pp. xxii-xxiii.
56. Renan, Histoire gemffrale, p. 156.
57. Renan, Oeuvres completes, 1: 621-2 and passim. See'H. W. Wardman,
Ernest Renan: A Critical Biography (London: Athlone Press, 1964), p. 66
and passim, for a subtle description of Renan's domestic life; although one
not wish to force a parallel between Renan's biography and what I
have called his "masculine" world, Ward man's descriptions here are suggestive
indeed-at least to me.
58. Renan, "Des services rend us au sciences historiques par la philologie,"
in Oeuvres completes, 8: 1228, 1232.
59. Ernst Cassirer, The Problem of Knowledge: Philosophy, Science, and
History since Hegel, trans. William H. Woglom and Charles W. Hendel (New
Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1950), p. 307.
60. Renan, "Reponse au discours de reception de M. de Lesseps (23 avril
1885) ," in Oeuvres completes, 1: 817. Y ct the value of being trul
temporary was best shown with reference to Renan by Sainte-Beuve
articles of June 1862. Sce also Donald G. Charlton,
France During the Second (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1959), and
his Secular Religions in France. Richard M. Chadbourne, "Renan and
Sainte-Beuve," Romanic Review 44, no. 2 (April 1953): 126-35.
61. Renan, Oeuvres completes, 8: 156.
62. In his letter of June 26, 1856, to Gobineau, Oeuvres completes, 10:
203-4. Gobineau's ideas were expressed in his Essai sur l'inegalite des races
humaines (1853-55).
63. Cited by Albert Hourani in his excellent article "Islam and the
Philosophers of History," p. 222.
64. Caussin de Perceval, Essai sur l'histoire des Arabes avant l'Islamisme,
pendant /'epoque de Mahomet et ;usqu'ii la reduction de toutes les tribus
sous la loi mumlmane (1847-48; reprint ed., Graz, Austria: Akademische
Druck- und Verlagsanstalt, 1967), 3: 332-9.
65. Thomas Carlyle, On Heroes, Hero-Worship, and the Heroic in History
(1841; reprint ed., New York: Longmans, Green & Co., 1906), p. 63.
66. Macaulay's Indian experiences are described by G. Otto Trevelyan,
The Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay (New York: Harper & Brothers,
I: 344--71. The complete text of Macaulay's "Minute" is conveniently
D. Curtin, ed., Imperiali.rm: The Documentary History
of Western Civilization (New York: Walker & Co., 1971), pp. 178-91.
Some consequences of Macaulay's views for British Orientalism arc discussed
in A. J. Arberry, British Orientalists (London: William Collins, 1943).
67. John Henry Newman, The Turks in Their Relation to Europe, vol. 1 of
his Historical Sketches (1853; reprint cd., London: Longmans, Green & Co.,
1920).
68. See Marguerite-Louise Ancelot, Salons de Paris, foyers eteints (Paris:
Jules Tardieu, 1858).
69. Karl Marx, Surveys from Exile, ed. David Fernbach (London: Pelican
Books, 1973), pp. 306-7.
70. Ibid., p. 320.
Notes 365
71. Edward William Lane, Author's Preface to An Account of the Manners
and Customs of the Modern Egyptians (1836; reprint ed., London: J. M.
Dent, 1936), pp. xx, xxi.
72. Ibid., p. 1.
73. Ibid., pp. 160-1. The standard biography of Lane, published in 1877,
was by his great-nephew, Stanley Lane-Poole. There is a sympathetic account
of Lane by A. J. Arberry in his Oriental Portraits of Seven Scholars
(New York: Macmillan Co., 1960), pp.
74. Frederick Eden Pargiter, ed., Centenary Volume the Royal Asiatic
Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 1823-1923
Royal Asiatic
Society, 1923), p. x.
75. Societe asiatique: Livre du centenaire, 1822-1922 (Paris: Paul Geuthner,
1922), pp. 5-6.
76. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Westostlicher Diwan (1819; reprint
Munich: Wilhelm Golmann, 1958), pp. 8-9, 12. Sacy's name is invoked
veneration in Goethe's apparatus for the Diwan.
77. Victor Hugo, Les Orientales, in Oeuvres poetiques, cd. Pierre Albouy
(Paris: Gallimard, 1964), I: 616-18.
78. Franc;ois-Rene de Chateaubriand, Oeuvres romanesques et voyages, ed.
Maurice Regard (Paris: Gallimard, 1969), 2: 702.
79. See Henri Bordeaux, Voyageurs d'Orient: Des pelerins aux meharistes
de Palmyre (Paris: Pion, 1926). I have found useful the theoretical ideas
about pilgrims and pilgrimages contained in Victor Turner, Dramas, Fields,
and Metaphors: Symbolic Action in Human Society (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell
University Press, 1974), pp. 166-230.
80. Hassan al-Nouty, Le Proche-Orient dans la litterature franraise de
Nerval ii Barres (Paris: Nizet, 1958), pp. 47-8, 277, 272.
81. Chateaubriand, Oeuvres, 2: 702 and note, 1684,769-70,769, 701, 808,
908.
82. Ibid., pp. 1011,979,990, 1052.
83. Ibid., p. 1069.
8,4. Ibid., p. 1031.
85. Ibid., p. 999.
86. Ibid., pp. 1126-27, 1049.
87. Ibid., p. 1137.
88. Ibid., pp. 1148, 1214.
89. Alphonse de Lamartine, Voyage en Orient (1835; reprint ed., Paris:
Hachette, 1887), 1: 10,48-9,179,178,148,189,118,245-6,251.
90. Ibid., I: 363; 2: 74--5; I: 475.
91. Ibid., 2: 92-3.
92. Ibid., 2: 526-7, 533. Two important works on French writers in the
Orient are Jean-Marie Carre, Voyageurs et ecrivains franrais en Egypte,
2 vols. (Cairo: Institut franc;ais d'arch6ologie orientale, 1932), and Moenis
Taha-Hussein, Le Romantisme frallfais et l'Islam (Beirut: Dar-el-Maeref,
1962).
93. Gerard de Nerval, Les Filles du feu, in Oeuvres, ed. Albert Beguin and
Jean Richet (Paris: GalIimard, 1960), 1: 297-8.
94. Mario Praz, The Romantic Agony, trans. Angus Davison (Cleveland,
Ohio: World Publishing Co., 1967).