Orientalism - autonomous learning

370 Notes
60. ~lie Faure, "Orient et Occident," Mercure de France 229 (July 1­
August 1, 1931): 263, 264, 269, 270, 272.
61. Fernand Baldensperger, "OU s'affrontent l'Orient et I'Occident intellectuels,"
in E;tudes d'histoire litteraire, 3rd ser. (Paris: Droz, 1939), p. 230.
62. I. A. Richards, Mencius on the Mind: Experiments in Multiple Definitions
(London: Routledge &.Kegan Paul, 1932), p. xiv.
63. Selected Works of C. Snouck Hurgronje, ed. G. H. Bousquet and J.
Schacht (Leiden: E. I. Brill, 1957), p. 267.
64. H. A. R. Gibb, "Literature," in The Legacy of Islam, ed. Thomas
Arnold and Alfred Guillaume (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1931), p. 209.
65. The best general account of this period in political, social, economic,
and cultural terms is to be found in Jacques Berque, Egypt: Imperialism and
Revolution, trans. Jean Stewart (New York: Praeger Publishers, 1972).
66. There is a useful account of the inte\lectual project informing their
work in Arthur R. Evans, Ir.,ed.,On Four Modern Humanists: Hofmannsthal,
Gundolf, Curtius, Kantorowicz (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press,
1970).
67. Erich Auerbach, Mimesis: The Representation of Reality in Western
Literature, trans. Willard R. Trask (1946; reprint ed., Princeton, N.J.:
Princeton University Press, 1968), and his Literary Language and Its Public
in Late Latin Antiquity and in the Middle Ages, trans. Ralph Manheim
(New York: Bollingen Books, 1965).
68. Erich Auerbach, "Philology and Weltliteratur," trans. M. and E. W.
Said, Centennial Review 13, no. I (Winter 1969): 11.
69. Ibid., p. 17.
70. For example, in H. Stuart Hughes, Consciousness and Society: The
Reconstruction of European Social Thought, 1890-1930 (1958; reprint ed.,
New York: Vintage Books, 1961).
71. See Anwar Abdel Malek, "Orientalism in Crisis," Diogenes 44 (Winter
1963): 103-40.
72. R. N. Cust, "The International Congresses of Orientalists," Hellas 6,
no. 4 (1897): 349.
73. See W. F. Wertheim, "Counter-insurgency Research at the Turn of
the Century--Snouck Hurgronje and the Acheh War," Sociologische Gids 19
(September-December 1972).
74. Sylvain Levi, "Les Parts respectives des nations occident ales dans les
progres de I'indianisme," in Memorial Sylvain Levi, p. 116.
75. H. A. R. Gibb, "Louis Massignon (1882-1962)," Journal of the Royal
Asiatic Society (1962), pp. 120, 121.
76. Louis Massignon, Opera Minora, ed. Y. Moubarac (Beirut: Dar-el­
Maaref, 1963), 3: 114. I have used the complete bibliography of Massignon's
work by Moubarac: L'Oeuvre de Louis Massignon (Beirut: Editions
du Cenacle Iibanais, 1972-73).
77. Massignon, "L'Occident devant l'Orient: Primaute d'une solution culturelle,"
in Opera Minora, 1: 208-23.
7S. Ibid., p. 169.
79. See Waardenburg, Vlslam dans Ie miroir de [,Occident, pp. 147, 183,
186,192,211,213.
SO. Massignon, Opera Minora, 1: 227.
~I " /, Notes 371
I
I·,
81. Ibid., p. 355.
82. Quoted from Massignon's essay on Biruni in Waardenburg, L'lslam
dans Ie miroir de ['Occident, p. 225.
83. Massignon, Opera Minora, 3: 526.
84. Ibid., pp. 610--11.
85. Ibid., p. 212. Also p. 211 for another attack on the British, and pp.
423-7 for his assessment of Lawrence.
86. Quoted in Waardenburg, L'Islam dans Ie miro;r de I'Occident, p. 219.
87. Ibid., pp.218-19.
88. See A. L. Tibawi, "English-Speaking Orientalists: A Critique of Their
Approach to Islam and Arab Nationalism, Part I," Islamic Quarterly 8, nos.
1,2 (January-June 1964): 25-44; "Part II," Islamic Quarterly8, nos. 3,4
1964): 73-88.
89. "Une figure domine tous les genres [of Orientalist work], celie de Louis
Massignon": Claude Cahen and Charles Pellat, "Les etudes arabes et
islamiques," Journal asiatique 261, nos. I, 4 (1973): 104. There is a very
detailed survey of the Islamic-Orientalist field to be found in Jean Sauvaget,
Introduction a l'histoire de [,Orient mu:mlman: E;Uments de bibliographie,
ed. Claude Cahen (Paris: Adrien Maisonneuve, 1961).
90. William Polk, "Sir Hamilton Gibb Between Orientalism and History,"
International Journal of Middle East Studies 6, no. 2 (April 1975): 131-9.
I have used the bibliography of Gibb's work in Arabic and Islamic Studies
in Honor of Hamilton A. R. Gibb, ed. George Makdisi (Cambridge, Mass.:
Harvard University Press, 1965), pp. 1-20.
91. H. A. R. Gibb, "Oriental Studies in the United Kingdom," in The Near
East and the Great Powers, ed. Richard N. Frye (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard
University Press, 1951), pp. 86-7.
92. Albert Hourani, "Sir Hamilton Gibb, 1895-1971," Proceedings of the
British Academy 58 (1972): p. 504.
93. Duncan Black Macdonald, The Religious Attitude and Life in Islam
(1909; reprint ed., Beirut: Khayats Publishers, 1965), pp. 2-11.
94. H. A. R. Gibb, "Whither Islam?" in Whither Islam? A Survey of
Modern Movements in the Moslem World, ed. H. A. R. Gibb (London:
Victor GolIancz, 1932), pp. 328, 387.
95. Ibid., p. 335.
96. Ibid., p. 377.
97. H. A. R. Gibb, "The Influence of Islamic Culture on Medieval
Europe," John Rylands Library Bulletin 38, no. I (September 1955): 98.
9S. H. A. R. Gibb, Mohammedanism: An Historical Survey (London:
Oxford University Press, 1949), pp. 2, 9, 84.
99. Ibid., pp. 11 1, 88, 189.
100. H. A. R. Gibb, Modern Trends in Islam (Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, 1947), pp. 108, 113, 123.
101. Both essays are to be found in Gibb's Studies on the Civilization of
Islam, pp. 176-208 and 3-33.
102. R. Emmett Tyrell, Jr., "Chimera in the Middle East," Harper's, November
1976, pp. 35-8.
103. Cited in Ayad al-Qazzaz,Ruth Afiyo, et aI., The Arabs in American
Textbooks, California State Board of Education, June 1975, pp. 10, 15.