374 Notes 1969) and its typical conclusion that "the concrete problem-solving approach is conspicuously absent from Arab thought" (p. 29). In a review-essay for the Journal of Interdisciplinary History (see note 124 above), Roger Owen attacks the very notion of "Islam" as a concept for the study of history. His focus is The Cambridge History of Islam, which, he finds, in certain ways perpetuates an idea of Islam (to be found in such writers as Carl Becker and Max Weber) "defined essentially as a religious, feudal, and antirational system, [that] lacked the necessary characteristics which had made European progress possible." For a sustained proof of Weber's total inaccuracy, see Maxime Rodinson's Islam and Capitalism, trans. Brian Pearce (New York: Pantheon Books, 1974), pp. 76--117. 138. Hamady, Character and Temperament, p. 197. 139. Berger, Arab World, p. 102. 140. Quoted by Irene Gendzier in Frantz Fanon: A Critical Study (New York: Pantheon Books, 1973), p. 94. 141. Berger, Arab World, p.15!. 142. P. J. Vatikiotis, ed., Revolution in the Middle East, and Other Case Studies; proceedings of a seminar (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1972), pp.8-9. 143. Ibid., pp. 12, 13. 144. Bernard Lewis, "Islamic Concepts of Revolution," in ibid., pp. 33, 38-9. Lewis's study Race and Color in Islam (New York: Harper & Row, 1971) expresses similar disaffection with an air of great <strong>learning</strong>; more explicitly political-but no less acid-is his Islam in History: Ideas, Men and Events in the Middle East (London: Alcove Press, 1973). 145. Bernard Lewis, "The Revolt of Islam," in The Middle East and J:he West (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1964), p.95. 146. Bernard Lewis, "The Return of Islam," Commentary, January 1976, p.44. 147. Ibid., p. 40. 148. Bernard Lewis, History-Remembered, Recovered, Invented (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1975), p. 68. 149. Lewis, Islam in History, p. 65. 150. Lewis, The Middle East and the West, pp. 60, 87. 151. Lewis, Islam in History, pp. 65-6. 152. Originally published in Middle East Journal 5 (1951). Collected in Readings in Arab Middle Eastern Societies and Cultures, ed. Abdulla Lutfiyye and Charles W. Churchill (The Hague: Mouton & Co., 1970), pp. 688-703. 153. Lewis, The Middle East and the West, p. 140. 154. Robert K. Merton, "The Perspectives of Insiders and Outsiders," in his The Sociology of Science: Theoretical and Empirical Investigations, ed. Norman W. Storer (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1973), pp. 99 136. 155. See, for example, the recent work of Anwar Abdel Malek, Yves Lacoste, and the authors of essays published in Review of Middle East Studies 1 and 2 (London: Ithaca Press, 1975, 1976), the various analyses of Middle Eastern politics by Noam Chomsky, and the work done by the Middle East Research and Information Project (MERIP). A good prospectus is provided in Gabriel Ardant, Kostas Axelos, Jacques Berque, et aI., De l'imperialisme a la decolonisation (Paris::tIditions de Minuit, 1965). Notes 375 Mterword 1. Martin Bernal, Black Athena (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, Volume 1,1987; Volume II, 1991); Eric J. Hobsbawm and Terence Rangers, eds., The Invention of Tradition (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984). 2. O'Hanlon and Washbrook, "After <strong>Orientalism</strong>: Culture, Criticism, and Politics in the Third World;" Prakash, "Can the Subaltern Ride? A Reply to O'Han Ion and Washbrook," both in Comparative Studies in Society and History, IV, 9 (January 1992), 141-·184. 3. In one particularly telling instance, Lewis's habits of tendentious generalization do seem to have gotten him in legal trouble. According to Liberation (March I, 1994) and the Guardian (March 8, 1994), Lewis now faces both criminal and civil suits brought against him in France by Armenian and human rights organizations. He is being charged under the same statute that makes it a crime in France to deny that the Nazi Holocaust took place; the charge against him is denying (in French newspapers) that a genocide of Armenians took plaee under the Ottoman empire. 4. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993. 5. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1992. 6. "The Clash of Civilizations," Foreign Affairs 71,3 (Summer 1993),22-49. 7. "Notes on the 'Post-Colonial'," Social Text, 31/32 (1992), 106. 8. Magdoff, "G1obalisation-To What End?," Socialist Register 1992: New World Order?, ed. Ralph Milliband and Leo Panitch (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1992), 1-32. 9. Miyoshi, "A Borderless World? From Colonialism to Trans-nationalism and the Decline of the Nation-State," Critical Inquiry, 19,4 (Summer 1993), 726-51; "The Postcolonial Aura: Third W orId Criticism in the Age of Global capitalism," Critical Inquiry, 20,2 (Winter 1994), 328-56. 10. Ireland's Field Day (London: Hutchinson, 1985), pp. vii-viii. 11. Alcalay (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1993); Gilroy (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1993); Ferguson (London: Routledge, 1992). 375
Index Abbas I (of Egypt), 186 Andalusia, 303 Abbasids, 303 Anniversary Discourses (Jones), 135 Abdel Malek, Anwar, 96-7, 105, Anquetil-Duperron, Abraham- 108,325,327,334,335,346 Hyacinthe, 22, 51, 76-7, 79, 117, Abduction from the Seraglio, The 122,252 (Mozart), 118 anthropocentrism, 97, 98, 108 . Abrahamanic religions, 265, 267, anti-Semitism, 27-8, 98-9, 133-4, 268-9 141:"2, 145-6, 149-50, 151, 193, Abrams, M. H., 114, 335, 338 231-4,237,262,286,317,337, Abu-Lughod. Ibrahim, 333, 335, 343 349 Account of the Manners and Customs Aphrodite (Louys), 208 of the Modern Egyptians, An Arab Attitudes to Israel (Harkabi), (Lane), 8, 15, 23, 88,111,158 307, 349 164,168,170,171,183,239,341, Arab-Israeli Wars, 284-5, 293 349 Arab Mind, The (Palai), 309, 349 accumulation, Orientalist discipline Arab Rediscovery of Europe (Abu~ of, 123, 165-6 Lughod),333,343 Adanson, Michel, 117 Arab Revolt, 238, 242-3, 248 "Adieux de I'hotesse arabe" (Hugo), "Arab World, The" (Glidden), 48, 100 308, 331 Adventures of Hajji Baba of Ispahan Arab World Today, The (Berger), (Morier), 193 335,349,350 Aeneas Silvius: see Pius II, Pope Arabi, Ahmed, 35, 37,170,223 Aeschylus, 3, 21, 56-7, 243, 332 Arabia, 17,63, 96, 159,224, 235-6, Africa, Africans, 31, 35, 37,41,46, 287,303 84,91,92, 98, 104, 107, 119,210, Arabian Nights, 64, 164, 176, 193, 216,218,226,251,252,275,294, 194,196,343 298,303,304,314 ATabic (language), 42, 50, 52,64, Ahmed, Sheikh, 160-1 74,77,82,83, 96, 123-4, 126, Alexander the Great, 58, 80, 84, 85, 128,142,159,164,166,178,182, 168 195,209,238,255,268,287,292, Alexandria, 82, 244 310,314-15,320-1,322,331,349 Algeria, 218, 301, 324 Arabischen Studien in Europa bis in Alliance for Progress, 107-8 den Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts, almehs. 186 Die (FUck), 16, 329,331,337 Alroy, Gil Carl, 307-8, 349 Arabs: Bell on, 229-31; Caussin de Alter, Robert, 307, 349 Perceval on, 151-2; collective en A1thusser, Louis, 16,329 tity to Westerner, 230, 233, 236-7, Arne romantique et Ie reve, L' 252,260,262,285-8,296-9,300 (Beguin), 100 301,305,306-11,317-18,321, American Oriental Society, 43,99, 350; Cromer on, 36-41; Gibb's 294,295 impoverished view of, 278; Glid American Power and the New Man den on value system of, 48-9; darins (Chomsky); 329 Lawrence on, 228-30, 23~, 241-3, anatomy: comparative, 12,40,43, 247-8; Ockley on, 75-6; politi 117; philosophlca~ and linguistics, cized contemporary view of, 26-7, 140, 142, 143-4,231 107-8,285-8,303-4,306-21, Ancient and Modem Imperialism 349, 350; Sale on, 117; sexual (Cromer), 212,343 identity for West, 311-16; Smith 377
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