Orientalism - autonomous learning

366 Notes
95. Jean Bruneau, Le "Conte Orientale" de Flaubert (Paris: Denoel, 1973),
p.79.
96. These are all considered by Bruneau in ibid.
97. Nerval, Voyage en Orient, in Oeuvres, 2: 68, 194, 96, 342.
98. Ibid., p. 181.
99. Michel Butor, "Travel and Writing," trans. Powers and K. Lisker,
Mosaic 8, no. 1 (Fall 1974): 13.
100. Nerval, Voyage en Orient, p. 628.
101. Ibid., pp. 706,718.
102. Flaubert in Egypt: A Sensibility on Tour, trans. and ed. Francis Steegmuller
(Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1973), p. 200. I have also consulted
the following texts, in which all Flaubert's "Orientar' material is to be found:
Oeuvres completes de Gustave Flaubert (Paris: Club de I'Honnl!te homme,
1973), vols. 10, 11; Les Lettres d'£gypte, de Gustave Flaubert, ed. A.
Youssef Naaman (Paris: Nizet, 1965); Flaubert, Correspondance, ed. Jean
Bruneau (Paris; Gallimard, 1973), 1: 518 fl.
103. Harry Levin, The Gates of Horn: A Study of Five French Realists
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1963), p. 285.
104. Flaubert in Egypt, pp. 173, 75.
105. Levin, Gates of Horn, p. 271.
106. Flaubert, Catalogue des opinions chic, in Oeuvres, 2: 1019.
107. Flaubert in Egypt, p. 65.
108. Ibid., pp. 220, 130.
109. Flaubert, La Tentation de Saint Antoine, in Oeuvres, 1: 85.
110. See Flaubert, Salammb6, in Oeuvres, 1: 809 fl. See also Maurice Z.
Shroder, "On Reading SalammbO," VEsprit createur 10, no. 1 (Spring 1970) :
24-35.
111. Flaubert in Egypt, pp. 198-9.
112. Foucault, "La Bibliothi:que fantastique," in Flaubert, La Tentation de
Saint Antoine, pp. 7-33.
113. Flaubert in Egypt, p. 79.
114. Ibid.,pp. 211-2.
115. For a discussion of this process see Foucault, Archaeology of Knowledge;
also Joseph Ben-David, The Scientist's Role in Society (Englewood
Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1971). See also Edward W. Said, "An Ethics of
Language," Diacritics 4, no. 2 (Summer 1974) 28-37.
116. See the invaluable listings in Richard Bevis, Bibliotheca Cisorientalia:
An Annotated Checklist of Early English Travel Books on the Near and
Middle East (Boston: G. K. Hall & Co., 1973).
117. For discussions of the American travelers see Dorothee Metlitski
Finkelstein, Melville's Orienda (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press,
1961), and Franklin Walker, Irreverent Pilgrims: Melville, Browne, and
Mark Twain in the Holy Land (Seattle; University of Washington Press,
1974).
118. Alexander William Kinglake, Eothen, or Traces of Travel Brought
Home from the East, ed. D. G. Hogarth (1844; reprint ed., London: Henry
Frowde, 1906), pp. 25, 68, 241, 220.
119. Flaubert in Egypt, p. 81.
; I
Notes 367
120. Thomas J. Assad, Three Victorian Travellers: Burton, Blunt and
Doughty (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1964), p. 5.
121. Richard Burton, Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to al-Madinah
and Meccah, ed. Isabel Burton (London: Tylston & Edwards, 1893), 1: 9,
108-10.
122. Richard Burton, "Terminal Essay," in The Book oj the Thousand and
One Nights (London: Burton Club, 1886), 10: 63-302.
123. Burton, Pilgrimage, 1: 112, 114.
Chapter 3.
Orientalism Now
1. Friedrich Nietzsche, "On Truth and Lie in an Extra-Moral Sense," in
The Portable Nietzsche, ed. and trans. Walter Kaufmann (New York:
Viking Press, 1954), pp. 46-7.
2. The number of Arab travelers to the West is estimated and considered
by Ibrahim Abu-Lughod in Arab Rediscovery of Europe: A Study in Cultural
Encounters (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1963), pp. 75-6
and passim.
3. See Philip D. Curtin, ed., Imperialism: The Documentary History of
Western Civilization (New York: Walker & Co., 1972), pp. 73-105.
4. See Johann W. Fuck, "Islam as an Historical Problem in European
Historiography since 1800," in Historians of the Middle East, ed. Bernard
Lewis and P. M. Holt (London: Oxford University Press, 1962), p. 307.
S. Ibid., p. 309.
6. See Jacques Waardenburg, VIslam dans Ie miroir de [,Occident (The
Hague: Mouton & Co., 1963).
7. Ibid., p. 311.
8. P. Masson-Oursel, "La Connaissance scientifique de l'Asie en France
depuis 1900 et les varietes de l'Orientalisme," Revue Philosophique 143, nos.
7...,9 (July-September 1953): 345.
9. Evelyn Baring, Lord Cromer, Modern Egypt (New York: Macmillan
Co., 1908),2: 237-8.
10. Evelyn Baring, Lord Cromer, Ancient and Modern Imperialism (London:
John Murray, 1910), pp. 118, 120.
11. George Nathaniel Curzon, Subjects oj the Day: Being a Selection of
Speeches and Writings (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1915), pp. 4-5,
10,28.
12. Ibid., pp. 184, 191-2. For the history of the school, see C. H. Phillips,
The School oj Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 1917­
1967: An Introduction (London: Design for Print, 1967).
13. Eric Stokes, The English Utilitarians and India (Oxford: Clarendon
Press, 1959).
14. Cited in Michael Edwardes, liigh Noon of Empire: India Under Curzon
(London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1965), pp. 38-9.
15. Curzon, Subjects of the Day, pp. 155-6.
16. Joseph Conrad, Heart of Darkness, in Youth and Two Other Stories
(Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page, 1925), p. 52.