Sri Lanka Human Development Report 2012.pdf

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Sri Lanka’s predominantly centralized system of government means many governance structures are national and apply across geographical regions and population groups, with some variations. In the education system, for example, so-called national schools are administered directly by the centre, while all other schools are administered by provincial governments. Per student public expenditure on national schools was around Rs. 19,000 in 2007 compared to around Rs. 17,000 for a According to Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) 303 , Sri Lanka scores above several countries in South Asia, including Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. It scores above such South-East Asian countries as Indonesia, the Philippines and Vietnam (Figure 6.5), but it scores below Ghana, Malaysia, Singapore, South Africa and Thailand. Moreover, its score has marginally gone down in the last decade, while those of comparable countries have improved (See Table 6.2). 304 Figure 6.5: The CPI: Comparing Country Scores, 2011 Source: Transparency International 2011 provincial school - a figure that falls in certain districts, such as to Rs. 12,500 in the Eastern Province (see Chapter 4). 302 Expanding the provincial share of general education spending would have favourable equity implications, as students who attend provincial schools are largely from rural locations. Those who attend national schools are typically from more affluent households. Perceptions of corruption Reducing corruption is an important element of good governance and accountability for the use of resources. According to another measure of corruption, the Control of Corruption Index (CCI) 305 produced by the World Bank, Sri Lanka performs better than Bangladesh, India, Indonesia and Vietnam, but lags significantly behind Ghana, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and South Africa (Figure 6.6). Sri Lanka’s values on the index have fallen from 47.8 in 2002 to 40.7 in 2010, a pattern which is of concern. Chapter 6 Bridging Governance Gaps: State Capacity and People’s Participation 105
Table 6.2: The CPI: Comparing Country Ranks, Selected Years 2000 2002 2005 2010 2011 Country Score Rank Score Rank Score Rank Score Rank Score Rank Sample size 90 102 158 178 183 Singapore 9.1 6 9.3 5 9.4 5 9.3 1 9.2 5 Malaysia 4.8 36 4.9 33 5.1 39 4.4 56 4.3 60 South Africa 5.0 34 4.8 36 4.5 46 4.5 54 4.1 64 Ghana 3.5 52 3.9 50 3.5 65 4.1 62 3.9 69 Thailand 3.2 60 3.2 64 3.8 59 3.5 78 3.4 80 Sri Lanka - - 3.7 52 3.2 78 3.2 91 3.3 86 India 2.8 69 2.7 71 2.9 88 3.3 87 3.1 95 Indonesia 1.7 85 1.9 96 2.2 137 2.8 110 3.0 100 Vietnam 2.5 76 2.4 85 2.6 107 2.7 116 2.9 112 Bangladesh - - 1.2 102 1.7 158 2.4 134 2.7 120 Source: Transparency International 2011. Note: A score relates to perceptions of the degree of corruption as seen by business people, risk analysts and the general public, and ranges between 10 (highly clean) and 0 (highly corrupt). Figure 6.6: The CCI: Comparing Percentile Ranks Across Countries, Selected Years Source: The World Bank 2010. Note: The Worldwide Governance Indicators Project, of which control of corruption is one of six dimensions (captured by CCI), aggregated the governance indicators of 213 economies from 1996-2010, corresponds to the lowest rank (most corrupt), while 100 corresponds to the highest rank (least corrupt). 106 sri lanka Human Development report 2012
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SriLankaHumanDevelopmentReport 2012
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Sri Lanka Human Development Report
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Acknowledgements This report would
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sri lanka Human Development report
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Access to water 89 Accessibility to
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Figure 1.1: Share of GDP by Provinc
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Table 2.1 Table 2.2: Table 2.3: Tab
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CHAPTER 1 Why Revisit Regional Dime
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spreading its fruits more equitably
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Negotiations are still ongoing to f
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Box 1.1 A Selected Summary of Damag
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Other Vulnerable Groups A number of
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education financing and the distrib
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CHAPTER 2 Patterns of Human Develop
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population. It accounts for inequal
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Regional Variations in the Human De
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Map 2.1: Human Development Index 20
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Gender Inequality Index Among distr
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Comparing Districts Across Indices
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14.5 percent in 2009-2010. As seen
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Economic Growth and Inequality Alth
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The poverty gap index, which measur
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half the headcount index. For the e
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What are the factors that push peop
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lowest incidence of both income and
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CHAPTER 3 Bridging Human Developmen
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disability of the heads of poor hou
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Infant Mortality and Under-five Mor
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and given three doses each of polio
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as the absence of illness, but also
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Box 3.2: Gender-based Violence The
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Figure 3.7: Distribution of Governm
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Figure 3.10: Medical Officers per 1
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While access to public health care
Page 69 and 70: Data on access in the Northern and
Page 71 and 72: People in Conflict-affected Areas F
Page 73 and 74: CHAPTER 4 Bridging Human Developmen
Page 75 and 76: Levels)—mark the end of the senio
Page 77 and 78: Funding Education Public investment
Page 79 and 80: Figure 4.2: Distribution of Out-of-
Page 81 and 82: Male children are generally less li
Page 83 and 84: Deficits in information technology
Page 85 and 86: supports displaced children who ret
Page 87 and 88: Educational Performance: Senior Sec
Page 89 and 90: Building a Knowledge Economy Sri La
Page 91 and 92: Figure 4.10: Distribution of Univer
Page 93 and 94: offered by private institutions. 18
Page 95 and 96: CHAPTER 5 Bridging Human Developmen
Page 97 and 98: twice the rate for the economy as a
Page 99 and 100: across geographic locations and by
Page 101 and 102: Box 5.1 Programmes to Improve Infra
Page 103 and 104: Figure 5.5: Extent (Ac) of Agricult
Page 105 and 106: towards constructing multipurpose r
Page 107 and 108: The length of national, provincial
Page 109 and 110: performs better in terms of mobile
Page 111 and 112: Technological advancements and tran
Page 113 and 114: Figure 5.12: Number of Fishers and
Page 115 and 116: CHAPTER 6 Bridging Governance Gaps:
Page 117 and 118: Figure 6.1: Sri Lanka’s Tax Reven
Page 119: When taxation becomes more visible,
Page 123 and 124: While the objective is laudable, it
Page 125 and 126: There has been progress on some ind
Page 127 and 128: to collect their own revenue throug
Page 129 and 130: the public sector in policy reform
Page 131 and 132: Table 6.6: Women in Elected Politic
Page 133 and 134: CHAPTER 7 Building on Peace, Progre
Page 135 and 136: This is a considerable task, but it
Page 137 and 138: The Ministry of Health in associati
Page 139 and 140: nationally and locally. The decline
Page 141 and 142: Notes sri lanka Human Development r
Page 143 and 144: 54 World Health Organization 2001.
Page 145 and 146: amount equivalent to 8 percent of G
Page 147 and 148: Bibliography sri lanka Human Develo
Page 149 and 150: ———. 2009e. Statistics databa
Page 151 and 152: Draft-13%2006%202010.pdf]. Last acc
Page 153 and 154: ———. 2008c. Land Reforms in S
Page 155 and 156: Table A2: Human Development Index a
Page 157 and 158: Table A4: Income Poverty, Multidime
Page 159 and 160: Table A6: Income Poverty and Measur
Page 161 and 162: Table A8: Demography, Land and Hous
Page 163 and 164: Table A10: Infant Mortality, Under-
Page 165 and 166: Table A12: Maternal Nutrition, Tota
Page 167 and 168: Table A14: Health Awareness Percent
Page 169 and 170: Table A16: Primary Gross Enrolment
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Table A18: Government Schools and S
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Table A20: Labour Force Labour forc
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Table A22: Unemployed Population Un
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Table A24: Household Possessions Co
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Table A26: Average Distance and Tim
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Technical Note sri lanka Human Deve
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HDI= (I Life Expectancy ) 1 / 3 ×
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where MMR=maternal mortality rate;
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Multidimensional poverty headcount(
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Figure T.2: Intensity of Poverty an
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of the total deprivations of poor p
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178 sri lanka Human Development rep
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