Sri Lanka Human Development Report 2012.pdf

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Education Commission. Private and non-governmental training institutions play a key role—by the end of 2010, 1,138 were registered as providers. The Commission formulates policy, plans and coordinates, sets standards, and regulates the sector for the relevance and quality of training. Most organizations charge fees, but national and international charities also support a large network of free institutions. The Commission has put in place a system for registering training outlets and accrediting courses as part of a credible quality assurance system. 144 Table 4.1: Trends in Education Provision 2000 2005 2010 General education Total number of schools 10,615 10,461 10,502 Government schools 9,976 9,723 9,685 Pirivena schools 561 653 719 Private schools* 78 85 98 Government schools Number of teachers 186,097 189,234 212,457 Number of students 4,193,908 3,942,077 3,940,072 Higher education Number of universities 13 15 15 Number of other higher - 16 17 educational institutions Number of new admissions 11,805 14,520 21,547 Number of lecturers 3,241 3,875 4,984 Technical education and vocational training Number of registered institutions Government and semi-government 556 (2001) n.a. 939 Private 252 (2001) n.a. 898 Non-governmental 112 (2001) n.a. 240 Intake 67,612 (2002) 63,040 (2006) 108,125 Public expenditure on education (Rs. millions)** 30,929 63,557 104,248 Current 23,794 50,697 85,195 Capital 7,135 12,860 19,053 Notes: * Some private schools, popularly called ‘international schools’, provide education services, but are registered as companies; as such, these are not included in this table. ** Denotes government expenditure on general and higher education. N.a. means not available. Sources: Central Bank of Sri Lanka 2010, Tan and Chandrasiri 2004, Tertiary and Vocational Education Commission 2010b, and Ministry of Youth Affairs and Skills Development 2012. Chapter 4 Bridging Human Development Gaps: EDUCATION 61
Funding Education Public investment in education is low and declining, even as the public system remains the predominant institution supporting this critical dimension of human progress. Public expenditure fluctuated around 2.3 percent of GDP between 2000 and 2010 (Figure 4.1). Available data suggest that in South Asia, Bangladesh, India and Nepal all invested a larger share. 145 Sri Lanka’s public investment is also smaller than the average for middle-income countries (Table 4.2). Of the amount spent on education in 2010, 80 percent went towards recurrent expenditures, with salaries for teachers comprising the largest component at 75 percent. 146 While well-developed school infrastructure may have resulted in a diminished need for investments in recent times, the limited availability of funds has held back plans to improve facilities and increased out-ofpocket expenditure. 147 Figure 4.1: Public Expenditure on Education as a Percentage of GDP Source: Central Bank of Sri Lanka 2010 Table 4.2: Public Expenditure on Education, 2008 as % of GDP As % of total government expenditure Malaysia 4.1 17.2 Singapore 2.6 15.3 Indonesia 2.8 17.9 Philippines 2.8 16.9 India 3.1 (2006) n.a. Bangladesh 2.4 14 Nepal 3.8 19 Sri Lanka 2.3 10 Lower middle-income countries 4 (2006) n.a. Upper middle-income countries 5 (2007) 13(2007) Note: N.a. means not available. Where data for 2008 were not available, data for the closest available year (indicated in parentheses) are given. For some instances, data on public expenditure on education refer only to the Ministry of Education, excluding other ministries that spend on education. Technical colleges, training schools, vocational education institutes, agriculture schools, fisheries training institutes and even some universities are funded under other ministries. Sources: Central Bank of Sri Lanka 2008; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Institute of Statistics data centre; and The World Bank Education Statistics (EdStats). 62 sri lanka Human Development report 2012
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SriLankaHumanDevelopmentReport 2012
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Sri Lanka Human Development Report
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Acknowledgements This report would
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sri lanka Human Development report
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Access to water 89 Accessibility to
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Figure 1.1: Share of GDP by Provinc
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Table 2.1 Table 2.2: Table 2.3: Tab
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CHAPTER 1 Why Revisit Regional Dime
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spreading its fruits more equitably
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Negotiations are still ongoing to f
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Box 1.1 A Selected Summary of Damag
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Other Vulnerable Groups A number of
Page 25 and 26: education financing and the distrib
Page 27 and 28: CHAPTER 2 Patterns of Human Develop
Page 29 and 30: population. It accounts for inequal
Page 31 and 32: Regional Variations in the Human De
Page 33 and 34: Map 2.1: Human Development Index 20
Page 35 and 36: Gender Inequality Index Among distr
Page 37 and 38: Comparing Districts Across Indices
Page 39 and 40: 14.5 percent in 2009-2010. As seen
Page 41 and 42: Economic Growth and Inequality Alth
Page 43 and 44: The poverty gap index, which measur
Page 45 and 46: half the headcount index. For the e
Page 47 and 48: What are the factors that push peop
Page 49 and 50: lowest incidence of both income and
Page 51 and 52: CHAPTER 3 Bridging Human Developmen
Page 53 and 54: disability of the heads of poor hou
Page 55 and 56: Infant Mortality and Under-five Mor
Page 57 and 58: and given three doses each of polio
Page 59 and 60: as the absence of illness, but also
Page 61 and 62: Box 3.2: Gender-based Violence The
Page 63 and 64: Figure 3.7: Distribution of Governm
Page 65 and 66: Figure 3.10: Medical Officers per 1
Page 67 and 68: While access to public health care
Page 69 and 70: Data on access in the Northern and
Page 71 and 72: People in Conflict-affected Areas F
Page 75: Levels)—mark the end of the senio
Page 79 and 80: Figure 4.2: Distribution of Out-of-
Page 81 and 82: Male children are generally less li
Page 83 and 84: Deficits in information technology
Page 85 and 86: supports displaced children who ret
Page 87 and 88: Educational Performance: Senior Sec
Page 89 and 90: Building a Knowledge Economy Sri La
Page 91 and 92: Figure 4.10: Distribution of Univer
Page 93 and 94: offered by private institutions. 18
Page 97 and 98: twice the rate for the economy as a
Page 99 and 100: across geographic locations and by
Page 101 and 102: Box 5.1 Programmes to Improve Infra
Page 103 and 104: Figure 5.5: Extent (Ac) of Agricult
Page 105 and 106: towards constructing multipurpose r
Page 107 and 108: The length of national, provincial
Page 109 and 110: performs better in terms of mobile
Page 111 and 112: Technological advancements and tran
Page 113 and 114: Figure 5.12: Number of Fishers and
Page 115 and 116: CHAPTER 6 Bridging Governance Gaps:
Page 117 and 118: Figure 6.1: Sri Lanka’s Tax Reven
Page 119 and 120: When taxation becomes more visible,
Page 121 and 122: Table 6.2: The CPI: Comparing Count
Page 123 and 124: While the objective is laudable, it
Page 125 and 126: There has been progress on some ind
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to collect their own revenue throug
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the public sector in policy reform
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Table 6.6: Women in Elected Politic
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CHAPTER 7 Building on Peace, Progre
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This is a considerable task, but it
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The Ministry of Health in associati
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nationally and locally. The decline
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Notes sri lanka Human Development r
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54 World Health Organization 2001.
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amount equivalent to 8 percent of G
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Bibliography sri lanka Human Develo
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———. 2009e. Statistics databa
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Draft-13%2006%202010.pdf]. Last acc
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———. 2008c. Land Reforms in S
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Table A2: Human Development Index a
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Table A4: Income Poverty, Multidime
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Table A6: Income Poverty and Measur
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Table A8: Demography, Land and Hous
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Table A10: Infant Mortality, Under-
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Table A12: Maternal Nutrition, Tota
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Table A14: Health Awareness Percent
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Table A16: Primary Gross Enrolment
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Table A18: Government Schools and S
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Table A20: Labour Force Labour forc
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Table A22: Unemployed Population Un
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Table A24: Household Possessions Co
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Table A26: Average Distance and Tim
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Technical Note sri lanka Human Deve
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HDI= (I Life Expectancy ) 1 / 3 ×
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where MMR=maternal mortality rate;
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Multidimensional poverty headcount(
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Figure T.2: Intensity of Poverty an
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of the total deprivations of poor p
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178 sri lanka Human Development rep
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