Sri Lanka Human Development Report 2012.pdf

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The bubble chart (Figure T.3) shows the relationship between the percentage of multidimensionally poor people and income poor people. The districts with the highest incidences of multidimensional poverty and those with highest income poverty are located in the top right of the chart. Those with the lowest incidences are located in the bottom left. As there is no perfect relationship between these two measures, districtsare not grouped into four distinct clusters. There are overlaps and gray areas, but broad associations are discernible. in the chart towards the horizontal axis, Batticaloa District had the highest incidence of multidimensional poverty, although its income poverty was less than that for most other districts in its cluster. Kurunegala had the highest share of people (9.4 percent) who weremultidimensionally poor, followed by Ratnapura at 8.5 percent, Nuwara Eliya at 7.6 percent, Badulla at 7.5 percent, Monaragala at 6.6 percent and Kandy at 6 percent. Figure T.3: Multidimensionally Poverty and Income Poverty Headcounts by District, 2006-2007 uultiNote: The size of the bubble indicates the share of multidimensionally poor people in eachdistrict (out of the total in Sri Lanka); Galle, Matara and Hambantota districts are hidden behind the second cluster from the bottom. Source: Computations by the report team of the Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka using Department of Census and Statistics of Sri Lanka 2007a and 2007b. In 2006-2007, the most deprived districts in the country, excluding those in the Northern Province, which the survey did not cover, were Monaragala and Nuwara Eliya, located at the top right of Figure T.3. They were followed by Matale, Badulla and Ratnapura, which are located in another cluster just below the top right. Colombo and Gampaha were the least deprived districts, followed by Kalutara. In another cluster located midway Comparison between 2006-2007 and 2009-2010 In Sri Lanka, health is the most developed of the three HDI dimensions. Its national index is 0.866, which is considerably higher than the income index at 0.552 or the educational index at 0.694. On the other hand, multidimensional poverty analysis reveals that the health dimension is responsible for 41 percent Technical Note 175
of the total deprivations of poor people, based on the DHS 2006/07 dataset, and 53 percent based on the HIES 2009/10 dataset (Table T.5). The difference stems from the fact that the HDI is a quick summary, while multidimensional poverty is a more comprehensive assessment based on highly disaggregated data. Across health indicators, both DHR 2006/07 and HIES 2009/10 underscore how the most deprived groups of society are affected mainly by poor health: inadequate nutrition, chronic illness or disability of the head of the household, and infant and child mortality. DHS2006/07 showed that malnutrition accounted for 30 percent of multidimensional poverty, while HIES 2009/10 identified the highest contributor as the chronic illnesses or disability of the head of the household, at 28 percent. These issues deserve more attention, including through the appropriate targeting of social welfare programmes. The contributions from other indicators to multidimensional poverty do not show significant variations between the two datasets. For example, the contributions from the education dimension based on the two are almost the same: 13 percent and 12 percent. Table T.5: Contribution to Multidimensional Poverty, DHS2006/07 and HIES 2009/10 DHS2006/07 HIES2009/10 % contribution % contribution Dimensions Indicator 10 indicators (2 under to multidimens- 10 indicators (2 under to multidimensnumber health, 2 under education ional poverty- health, 2 under education ional povertyand 6 under living conditions) DHS2006/07 and 6 under living conditions) HIES2009/10 1. Health 1 At least one member of the 30.0 Calorie (energy) consumption 25.0 household is malnourished of the household is less than 80 percent of the requirement andfood 2 One or more children in the 11.0 Head of the household 28.0 household have died chronically ill or disabled 2. Education 3 No one in household has 9.0 No one in household has 6.0 completed five years of completed five years of schooling schooling 4 At least one school-age child 4.0 At least one school-age child 6.0 not enrolled in school not enrolled in school 3. Living 5 Household has no electricity 10.0 Household has no electricity 8.0 conditions 6 Household has no access to 5.0 Household has no access 3.0 clean drinking water to clean drinking water 7 Household has no access to 5.0 Household has no access to 7.0 adequate sanitation adequate sanitation 8 Household has dirty (mud / 7.0 Household has dirty (mud / 6.0 dung) floor dung) floor 9 Household uses firewood, 10.0 Household living in a shanty / 8.0 charcoal or dung as cooking line room fuel, but does not have a separate kitchen 10 Household has no car and does 9.0 Household has no car and 8.0 not own more than one radio, does not own more than one TV, telephone, bicycle, radio, TV, telephone, bicycle, motorcycle or refrigerator motorcycle or refrigerator Source: Computations by the report team of the Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka usingDepartment of Census and Statistics of Sri Lanka 2007a and 2010c. 176 sri lanka Human Development report 2012
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SriLankaHumanDevelopmentReport 2012
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Sri Lanka Human Development Report
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Acknowledgements This report would
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sri lanka Human Development report
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Access to water 89 Accessibility to
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Figure 1.1: Share of GDP by Provinc
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Table 2.1 Table 2.2: Table 2.3: Tab
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CHAPTER 1 Why Revisit Regional Dime
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spreading its fruits more equitably
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Negotiations are still ongoing to f
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Box 1.1 A Selected Summary of Damag
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Other Vulnerable Groups A number of
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education financing and the distrib
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CHAPTER 2 Patterns of Human Develop
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population. It accounts for inequal
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Regional Variations in the Human De
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Map 2.1: Human Development Index 20
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Gender Inequality Index Among distr
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Comparing Districts Across Indices
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14.5 percent in 2009-2010. As seen
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Economic Growth and Inequality Alth
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The poverty gap index, which measur
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half the headcount index. For the e
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What are the factors that push peop
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lowest incidence of both income and
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CHAPTER 3 Bridging Human Developmen
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disability of the heads of poor hou
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Infant Mortality and Under-five Mor
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and given three doses each of polio
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as the absence of illness, but also
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Box 3.2: Gender-based Violence The
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Figure 3.7: Distribution of Governm
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Figure 3.10: Medical Officers per 1
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While access to public health care
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Data on access in the Northern and
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People in Conflict-affected Areas F
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Levels)—mark the end of the senio
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Funding Education Public investment
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Figure 4.2: Distribution of Out-of-
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Male children are generally less li
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Deficits in information technology
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supports displaced children who ret
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Educational Performance: Senior Sec
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Building a Knowledge Economy Sri La
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Figure 4.10: Distribution of Univer
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offered by private institutions. 18
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twice the rate for the economy as a
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across geographic locations and by
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Box 5.1 Programmes to Improve Infra
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Figure 5.5: Extent (Ac) of Agricult
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towards constructing multipurpose r
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The length of national, provincial
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performs better in terms of mobile
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Technological advancements and tran
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Figure 5.12: Number of Fishers and
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CHAPTER 6 Bridging Governance Gaps:
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Figure 6.1: Sri Lanka’s Tax Reven
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When taxation becomes more visible,
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Table 6.2: The CPI: Comparing Count
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While the objective is laudable, it
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There has been progress on some ind
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to collect their own revenue throug
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the public sector in policy reform
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Table 6.6: Women in Elected Politic
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CHAPTER 7 Building on Peace, Progre
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This is a considerable task, but it
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The Ministry of Health in associati
Page 139 and 140: nationally and locally. The decline
Page 141 and 142: Notes sri lanka Human Development r
Page 143 and 144: 54 World Health Organization 2001.
Page 145 and 146: amount equivalent to 8 percent of G
Page 147 and 148: Bibliography sri lanka Human Develo
Page 149 and 150: ———. 2009e. Statistics databa
Page 151 and 152: Draft-13%2006%202010.pdf]. Last acc
Page 153 and 154: ———. 2008c. Land Reforms in S
Page 155 and 156: Table A2: Human Development Index a
Page 157 and 158: Table A4: Income Poverty, Multidime
Page 159 and 160: Table A6: Income Poverty and Measur
Page 161 and 162: Table A8: Demography, Land and Hous
Page 163 and 164: Table A10: Infant Mortality, Under-
Page 165 and 166: Table A12: Maternal Nutrition, Tota
Page 167 and 168: Table A14: Health Awareness Percent
Page 169 and 170: Table A16: Primary Gross Enrolment
Page 171 and 172: Table A18: Government Schools and S
Page 173 and 174: Table A20: Labour Force Labour forc
Page 175 and 176: Table A22: Unemployed Population Un
Page 177 and 178: Table A24: Household Possessions Co
Page 179 and 180: Table A26: Average Distance and Tim
Page 181 and 182: Technical Note sri lanka Human Deve
Page 183 and 184: HDI= (I Life Expectancy ) 1 / 3 ×
Page 185 and 186: where MMR=maternal mortality rate;
Page 187 and 188: Multidimensional poverty headcount(
Page 189: Figure T.2: Intensity of Poverty an
Page 193: 178 sri lanka Human Development rep
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