Sri Lanka Human Development Report 2012.pdf

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the estates have the highest incidence of poverty over a sustained period of time. More than 30 percent of people there have been impoverished for more than 10 years. Estate poverty fell from 38.4 percent in 1995-1996 to 30 percent in 2002, but increased again to 32 percent in 2006-2007, even as urban and rural poverty rates were declining. The latest estimates show that estate sector poverty fell by 32 percent to 11.4 percent in 2009-2010. 46 This improvement is mainly due to the increased attention given to the estate sector. Since 2006-2007, wages in the estate sector have increased, accompanied by significant improvements in welfare and infrastructure improvement programmes. percent from 1990-1991 to 2002. 47 By 2006-2007, poverty rates had declined significantly in most districts with available data, except in Nuwara Eliya and Monaragala (Figure 2.5). Among districts with available data, these two were the poorest in the country in 2006-2007, with poverty rates above 33 percent. They were followed by Ratnapura, Badulla and Kegalle districts; other lagging districts were Matale, Kandy, Kurunegala and Anuradhapura. Essentially, the central districts, especially those with inadequate accessibility, lagged behind the coastal ones. Poverty estimates are not available for districts in the Northern and Eastern provinces. Figure 2.4: Trends in the Incidence of Poverty, 1990-1991 to 2009-2010 Source: Department of Census and Statistics of Sri Lanka 2011a. Regional differences in poverty persist despite the overall national decline. Until the early 2000s, among districts with available data, some, such as Badulla, Monaragala, Ratnapura, Kegalle and Hambantota, had high incidences, affecting more than 30 percent of the population. Except for the Colombo and Gampaha districts in the Western Province, all other districts faced poverty rates topping 20 Outside the conflict-affected region, the poorest districts have made significant improvements in reducing poverty over the last several years. Nuwara Eliya, which was the poorest district in 2006-2007, has cut its poverty rate by nearly 80 percent—it stood at 7.6 percent in 2009-2010. The second poorest district, Monaragala, experienced a 56.3 percent reduction in its poverty rate, which fell to Chapter 2 Patterns of Human Development 23
14.5 percent in 2009-2010. As seen in Figure 2.6, most other districts have achieved significant reductions. Across all districts with available data, the incidence of poverty declined by more than 50 percent, meaning they have achieved the MDG poverty goal. Yet poverty is still prevalent in some districts, especially those affected by conflict or with large estate populations, as well as some rural districts. In the Batticaloa District, poverty has increased from 10.7 percent in 2006-2007 to 20.3 percent in 2009-2010. 48 Poverty in Ampara District rose from 10.9 percent in 2006-2007 to 11.8 percent in 2009-2010. Jaffna District in the Northern Province, which was covered in a national survey after more than two and a half decades, shows a 16.1 percent incidence of income poverty. Other districts that still have high rates include Monaragala at 14.5 percent and Badulla at 13.3 percent. Vavuniya has the lowest incidence of poverty at 2.3 percent. 49 This district was the main administrative centre in the Northern Province throughout the conflict. All international agencies operated there for more than two decades, allowing Vavuniya to function as a commercial hub, and helping to improve living conditions. Figure 2.5: Income Poverty Headcount and the Change in Poverty Between 2006-2007 and 2009-2010 Source: Department of Census and Statistics of Sri Lanka 2011a. 24 sri lanka Human Development report 2012
Page 1 and 2: SriLankaHumanDevelopmentReport 2012
Page 3 and 4: Sri Lanka Human Development Report
Page 5 and 6: Acknowledgements This report would
Page 7 and 8: sri lanka Human Development report
Page 9 and 10: Access to water 89 Accessibility to
Page 11 and 12: Figure 1.1: Share of GDP by Provinc
Page 13 and 14: Table 2.1 Table 2.2: Table 2.3: Tab
Page 15 and 16: CHAPTER 1 Why Revisit Regional Dime
Page 17 and 18: spreading its fruits more equitably
Page 19 and 20: Negotiations are still ongoing to f
Page 21 and 22: Box 1.1 A Selected Summary of Damag
Page 23 and 24: Other Vulnerable Groups A number of
Page 25 and 26: education financing and the distrib
Page 27 and 28: CHAPTER 2 Patterns of Human Develop
Page 29 and 30: population. It accounts for inequal
Page 31 and 32: Regional Variations in the Human De
Page 33 and 34: Map 2.1: Human Development Index 20
Page 35 and 36: Gender Inequality Index Among distr
Page 37: Comparing Districts Across Indices
Page 41 and 42: Economic Growth and Inequality Alth
Page 43 and 44: The poverty gap index, which measur
Page 45 and 46: half the headcount index. For the e
Page 47 and 48: What are the factors that push peop
Page 49 and 50: lowest incidence of both income and
Page 51 and 52: CHAPTER 3 Bridging Human Developmen
Page 53 and 54: disability of the heads of poor hou
Page 55 and 56: Infant Mortality and Under-five Mor
Page 57 and 58: and given three doses each of polio
Page 59 and 60: as the absence of illness, but also
Page 61 and 62: Box 3.2: Gender-based Violence The
Page 63 and 64: Figure 3.7: Distribution of Governm
Page 65 and 66: Figure 3.10: Medical Officers per 1
Page 67 and 68: While access to public health care
Page 69 and 70: Data on access in the Northern and
Page 71 and 72: People in Conflict-affected Areas F
Page 73 and 74: CHAPTER 4 Bridging Human Developmen
Page 75 and 76: Levels)—mark the end of the senio
Page 77 and 78: Funding Education Public investment
Page 79 and 80: Figure 4.2: Distribution of Out-of-
Page 81 and 82: Male children are generally less li
Page 83 and 84: Deficits in information technology
Page 85 and 86: supports displaced children who ret
Page 87 and 88: Educational Performance: Senior Sec
Page 89 and 90:
Building a Knowledge Economy Sri La
Page 91 and 92:
Figure 4.10: Distribution of Univer
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offered by private institutions. 18
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CHAPTER 5 Bridging Human Developmen
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twice the rate for the economy as a
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across geographic locations and by
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Box 5.1 Programmes to Improve Infra
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Figure 5.5: Extent (Ac) of Agricult
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towards constructing multipurpose r
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The length of national, provincial
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performs better in terms of mobile
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Technological advancements and tran
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Figure 5.12: Number of Fishers and
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CHAPTER 6 Bridging Governance Gaps:
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Figure 6.1: Sri Lanka’s Tax Reven
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When taxation becomes more visible,
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Table 6.2: The CPI: Comparing Count
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While the objective is laudable, it
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There has been progress on some ind
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to collect their own revenue throug
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the public sector in policy reform
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Table 6.6: Women in Elected Politic
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CHAPTER 7 Building on Peace, Progre
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This is a considerable task, but it
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The Ministry of Health in associati
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nationally and locally. The decline
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Notes sri lanka Human Development r
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54 World Health Organization 2001.
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amount equivalent to 8 percent of G
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Bibliography sri lanka Human Develo
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———. 2009e. Statistics databa
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Draft-13%2006%202010.pdf]. Last acc
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———. 2008c. Land Reforms in S
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Table A2: Human Development Index a
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Table A4: Income Poverty, Multidime
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Table A6: Income Poverty and Measur
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Table A8: Demography, Land and Hous
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Table A10: Infant Mortality, Under-
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Table A12: Maternal Nutrition, Tota
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Table A14: Health Awareness Percent
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Table A16: Primary Gross Enrolment
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Table A18: Government Schools and S
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Table A20: Labour Force Labour forc
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Table A22: Unemployed Population Un
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Table A24: Household Possessions Co
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Table A26: Average Distance and Tim
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Technical Note sri lanka Human Deve
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HDI= (I Life Expectancy ) 1 / 3 ×
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where MMR=maternal mortality rate;
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Multidimensional poverty headcount(
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Figure T.2: Intensity of Poverty an
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of the total deprivations of poor p
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178 sri lanka Human Development rep
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