Sri Lanka Human Development Report 2012.pdf

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Contents Foreword Acknowledgements CHAPTER 1 1 Why Revisit Regional Dimensions of Human Development 1 Introduction 1 Demographic Landscape 2 Conflict and the Governance Structure 3 Recent Patterns in Growth and Poverty 4 People Affected by the Conflict 5 People in the Estate Sector 5 Other Vulnerable Groups 8 A Quick Preview of the Report 9 CHAPTER 2 13 Patterns of Human Development 13 III Sri Lanka and Selected Asian Countries: Overall Progress 13 Regional Variations in the Human Development Indices 16 Human Development Index 16 Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index 19 Gender Inequality Index 20 Trends in Income Poverty 22 Economic Growth and Inequality 26 Multidimensional Poverty (MPI) 29 CHAPTER 3 37 Bridging Human Development Gaps: Health 37 Health for Human Development 37 Health Outcomes 38 Malnutrition 38 IV Infant Mortality and Under-Five Mortality Rates 40 Maternal Mortality 41 Communicable Diseases 41 Non-communicable Diseases 42 Mental Health 43 Injuries 45 Health Care Services 47 Health Facilities 47 Human and Physical Resources 48 Medicines 50 Health Financing and Access to Health Services 50 Groups with Special Health Needs 55 The Elderly 55 Disabled Persons 55 People in Conflict-Affected Areas 56 CHAPTER 4 59 Bridging Human Development Gaps: Education 59 Education for Human Development 59 Delivery of Education Services 59 Funding Education 62 Equitable Access to Quality Education 64 Educational Performance 70 Educational Performance: Basic Education 70 Educational Performance: Senior Secondary Schools 72 The Educated: Distribution Across the Country 72 Building a Knowledge Economy 74 CHAPTER 5 81 Bridging Human Development Gaps: Employment and Livelihoods 81 Labour Market Performance 81 Job Creation and Quality of Jobs 83 Livelihood Development: Constraints and Solutions 85 Access to land 86 sri lanka Human Development report 2012 vii
Access to water 89 Accessibility to economic centers 90 Access to finance 92 Access to information and communication 93 Technological advancements and transfer of technology 96 Livelihood Patterns in Conflict-Affected Regions 97 STATISTICAL ANNEX Statistical Tables Table A1: Table A2: Distribution of the Population by District and Ethnicity, 2001 139 Human Development Index and Dimensions by District 140 CHAPTER 6 101 Bridging Governance Gaps: State Capacity and People’s Participation 101 The State Capacity to Finance Development 101 Taxation and accountability 103 Perceptions of corruption 105 An Environment for Business to Prosper 107 Gauging what’s good for business 108 Strengthening Local Governance 111 People’s Participation 113 Women’s engagement 115 Looking Forward 116 Table A3: Table A4: Table A5: Table A6: Table A7: Human Development Losses Due to Inequality 141 Income Poverty, Multidimensional Poverty Index and Related Indicators, 2006-2007 142 Income Poverty, Multidimensional Poverty Index and Related Indicators, 2009-2010 143 Income Poverty and Measures of Income Inequality, 2009-2010 144 Components of the Gender Inequality Index 145 CHAPTER 7 119 Building on Peace, Progress and Security 119 Establishing Priorities 119 Agenda for Action 121 Develop health policies to reduce the vulnerability of the very poor 121 Design and implement policies to address emerging and non-communicable diseases 121 Make education more inclusive and relevant to the demands of the labour market 122 Develop and implement targeted employment policies and foster opportunities for better livelihoods 122 Strengthen governance mechanisms to broaden participation and utilize resources more effectively 123 Focus on conflict-affected areas, districts with large estate populations and poor rural areas. 124 Notes 127 Bibliography 133 Table A8: Table A9: Demography, Land and Householdssources Department of Census and Statistics of Sri Lanka 2010b, 2011B and 2011D; and Central Bank of Sri Lanka 2011. 146 Crude Death Rate, Life Expectancy, and Disabled and Elderly Populations 147 Table A10: Infant Mortality, Under-five Mortality, Institutional Deliveries, Births Attended by Skilled Health Providers and Maternal Mortality Rate 148 Table A11: Child Nutrition, Basic Vaccinations for Children under five years and Prevalence of Anaemia in Children 6-59 months old, 2006-2007 149 Table A12: Maternal Nutrition, Total Fertility Rates and Teenage Pregnancies 150 Table A13: Health Infrastructure 151 viii sri lanka Human Development report 2012
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Page 3 and 4: Sri Lanka Human Development Report
Page 5 and 6: Acknowledgements This report would
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Page 11 and 12: Figure 1.1: Share of GDP by Provinc
Page 13 and 14: Table 2.1 Table 2.2: Table 2.3: Tab
Page 15 and 16: CHAPTER 1 Why Revisit Regional Dime
Page 17 and 18: spreading its fruits more equitably
Page 19 and 20: Negotiations are still ongoing to f
Page 21 and 22: Box 1.1 A Selected Summary of Damag
Page 23 and 24: Other Vulnerable Groups A number of
Page 25 and 26: education financing and the distrib
Page 27 and 28: CHAPTER 2 Patterns of Human Develop
Page 29 and 30: population. It accounts for inequal
Page 31 and 32: Regional Variations in the Human De
Page 33 and 34: Map 2.1: Human Development Index 20
Page 35 and 36: Gender Inequality Index Among distr
Page 37 and 38: Comparing Districts Across Indices
Page 39 and 40: 14.5 percent in 2009-2010. As seen
Page 41 and 42: Economic Growth and Inequality Alth
Page 43 and 44: The poverty gap index, which measur
Page 45 and 46: half the headcount index. For the e
Page 47 and 48: What are the factors that push peop
Page 49 and 50: lowest incidence of both income and
Page 51 and 52: CHAPTER 3 Bridging Human Developmen
Page 53 and 54: disability of the heads of poor hou
Page 55 and 56: Infant Mortality and Under-five Mor
Page 57 and 58: and given three doses each of polio
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as the absence of illness, but also
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Box 3.2: Gender-based Violence The
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Figure 3.7: Distribution of Governm
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Figure 3.10: Medical Officers per 1
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While access to public health care
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Data on access in the Northern and
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People in Conflict-affected Areas F
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CHAPTER 4 Bridging Human Developmen
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Levels)—mark the end of the senio
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Funding Education Public investment
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Figure 4.2: Distribution of Out-of-
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Male children are generally less li
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Deficits in information technology
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supports displaced children who ret
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Educational Performance: Senior Sec
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Building a Knowledge Economy Sri La
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Figure 4.10: Distribution of Univer
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offered by private institutions. 18
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CHAPTER 5 Bridging Human Developmen
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twice the rate for the economy as a
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across geographic locations and by
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Box 5.1 Programmes to Improve Infra
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Figure 5.5: Extent (Ac) of Agricult
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towards constructing multipurpose r
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The length of national, provincial
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performs better in terms of mobile
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Technological advancements and tran
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Figure 5.12: Number of Fishers and
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CHAPTER 6 Bridging Governance Gaps:
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Figure 6.1: Sri Lanka’s Tax Reven
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When taxation becomes more visible,
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Table 6.2: The CPI: Comparing Count
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While the objective is laudable, it
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There has been progress on some ind
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to collect their own revenue throug
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the public sector in policy reform
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Table 6.6: Women in Elected Politic
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CHAPTER 7 Building on Peace, Progre
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This is a considerable task, but it
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The Ministry of Health in associati
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nationally and locally. The decline
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Notes sri lanka Human Development r
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54 World Health Organization 2001.
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amount equivalent to 8 percent of G
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Bibliography sri lanka Human Develo
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———. 2009e. Statistics databa
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Draft-13%2006%202010.pdf]. Last acc
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———. 2008c. Land Reforms in S
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Table A2: Human Development Index a
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Table A4: Income Poverty, Multidime
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Table A6: Income Poverty and Measur
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Table A8: Demography, Land and Hous
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Table A10: Infant Mortality, Under-
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Table A12: Maternal Nutrition, Tota
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Table A14: Health Awareness Percent
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Table A16: Primary Gross Enrolment
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Table A18: Government Schools and S
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Table A20: Labour Force Labour forc
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Table A22: Unemployed Population Un
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Table A24: Household Possessions Co
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Table A26: Average Distance and Tim
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Technical Note sri lanka Human Deve
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HDI= (I Life Expectancy ) 1 / 3 ×
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where MMR=maternal mortality rate;
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Multidimensional poverty headcount(
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Figure T.2: Intensity of Poverty an
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of the total deprivations of poor p
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178 sri lanka Human Development rep
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