ASD/LRFD Manual - American Wood Council

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ASD/LRFD MANUAL FOR ENGINEERED Wood Construction 121 Structural Composite Lumber Engineered wood products have fire resistive characteristics very similar to conventional wood frame members. Since many engineered wood products are proprietary, they are usually recognized in a code evaluation report published by an evaluation service. Each evaluation report usually contains fire resistance information. Very few elements of modern structures can be called “fire proof.” Even in buildings where the major structural members are noncombustible, most of the furnishings are flammable. It is for this reason that much of the attention in model building codes addresses issues related to containing and limiting fires, rather than simply calling materials combustible and noncombustible. The primary intent of the building codes is to ensure structural stability to allow exiting, evacuation, and fire fighting. As with the previous topic of durability, this Manual cannot cover the topic of designing for optimal structural performance in fire conditions in detail. There are many excellent texts on the topic, and designers are advised to use this information early in the design process. To assist the designer in understanding several ways in which fire performance can be addressed, the following overview is provided. Fire sprinklers are probably the most effective method to enhance fire resistance of engineered wood systems (as well as other systems). They are designed to control the fire while protecting the occupants and the building until the fire department arrives. They are the ultimate way to improve fire safety. Heavy timber construction has proven to be acceptable in many areas where fire safety is of utmost concern. These applications have proven to be not only reliable, but economical in certain structures – many wider width SCL products can be used in heavy timber construction. Consult manufacturer’s literature or code evaluation reports for specific information. The fire performance of wood structures can be enhanced in the same ways as that of structures of steel, concrete, or masonry: • Fire sprinkler systems have proven to be effective in a variety of structures, both large and small • Protection of the structural members with materials such as properly attached gypsum sheathing can provide greatly improved fire performance. Fire ratings, as established from test procedures specified in ASTM E-119, of up to 2 hours can be achieved through the use of gypsum sheathing • Where surface burning characteristics are critical, fire-retardant treatments can be used to reduce the flamespread for some products To reiterate, this Manual does not purport to address this topic in an all-inclusive manner – it is merely an attempt to alert designers to the need to address fire performance issues in the design of the structure. M16: FIRE DESIGN 16 American Forest & paper association
122 M16: FIRE DESIGN Wood I-Joists The wood I-joist industry has actively supported the following projects to establish fire performance of systems using wood I-joist products: • ASTM E-119 fire tests have been conducted by the wood I-joist industry to establish fire resistance ratings for generic I-joist systems. Detailed descriptions of these systems are shown in Figures M16.1-15 through M16.1-21 and are summarized in Table M16.1-7. In addition, sound transmission class (STC) and impact insulation class (IIC) ratings for each of these assemblies are provided. Updates to this information will be posted on the American Wood Council’s website at www.awc.org. • ASTM E-119 fire tests have been conducted by wood I-joist manufacturers to establish fire resistance ratings for proprietary I-joist systems. Detailed descriptions of these systems are available from the individual I‐joist manufacturer. • National Fire Protection Research Foundation Report titled “National Engineered Lightweight Construction Fire Research Project.” This report documents an extensive literature search of the fire performance of engineered lightweight construction. • A video, I-JOISTS:FACTS ABOUT PROGRESS, has been produced by the Wood I-Joist Manufacturer’s Association (WIJMA). This video describes some basic facts about changes taking place within the construction industry and the fire service. Along with this video is a document that provides greater details on fire performance issues. • Industry research in fire endurance modeling for I-joist systems. American Wood Council
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2005 EDITION ASD/LRFD MANUAL MANUAL
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