ASD/LRFD Manual - American Wood Council

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ASD/LRFD MANUAL FOR ENGINEERED Wood Construction 71 M10.2 Reference Design Values Reference design values for mechanical connections are provided in various sources. The NDS contains reference design values for dowel-type connections such as nails, bolts, lag screws, wood screws, split rings, shear plates, drift bolts, drift pins, and timber rivets. Pre-engineered metal connectors are proprietary and reference design values are provided in code evaluation reports. More information on their use is provided in M10.5. Metal connector plates are proprietary connectors for trusses, and reference design values are provided in code evaluation reports. Staples and many pneumatic fasteners are proprietary, and reference design values are provided in code evaluation reports. M10.3 Design Adjustment Factors To generate connection design capacities, reference design values for connections are multiplied by adjustment factors per NDS 10.3. Applicable adjustment factors for connections are defined in NDS Table 10.3.1. Table M10.3-1 shows the applicability of adjustment factors for connections in a slightly different format for the designer. Table M10.3-1 Applicability of Adjustment Factors for Mechanical Connections 1 Allowable Stress Design The following connection product chapters contain examples of the application of adjustment factors to reference design values: Lateral Loads Load and Resistance Factor Design Dowel-Type Fasteners Z′ = Z C D C M C t C g C ∆ C eg C di C tn Z′ = Z C M C t C g C ∆ C eg C di C tn K F φ z λ Split Ring and Shear Plate Connectors Timber Rivets P′ = P C D C M C t C g C ∆ C d C st P′ = P C M C t C g C ∆ C d C st K F φ z λ Q′ = Q C D C M C t C g C ∆ C d Q′ = Q C M C t C g C ∆ C d K F φ z λ P′ = P C D C M C t C st P′ = P C M C t C st K F φ z λ Q′ = Q C D C M C t C ∆ C st Q′ = Q C M C t C ∆ C st K F φ z λ Metal Plate Connectors Z′ = Z C D C M C t Z′ = Z C M C t K F φ z λ Spike Grids Z′ = Z C D C M C t C ∆ Z′ = Z C M C t C ∆ K F φ z λ Nails, Spikes, Lag Screws, Wood Screws, and Drift Pins Withdrawal Loads W′ = W C D C M C t C eg C tn Z′ = Z C M C t C eg C tn K F φ z λ 1. See NDS Table 10.3.1 footnotes for additional guidance on application of adjustment factors for mechanical connections. 10 M10: MECHANICAL CONNECTIONS Chapter M11 – dowel-type fasteners, Chapter M12 – split ring and shear plate connectors, Chapter M13 – timber rivets. American Forest & paper association
72 M10: MECHANICAL CONNECTIONS M10.4 Typical Connection Details General Concepts of Well- Designed Connections Connections must obviously provide the structural strength necessary to transfer loads. Well-designed connections hold the wood members in such a manner that shrinkage/swelling cycles do not induce splitting across the grain. Well-designed connections also minimize regions that might collect moisture – providing adequate clearance for air movement to keep the wood dry. Finally, well-designed connections minimize the potential for tension perpendicular to grain stresses – either under design conditions or under unusual loading conditions. The following connection details (courtesy of the Canadian Wood Council) are organized into nine groups: 1. Beam to concrete or masonry wall connections 2. Beam to column connections 3. Column to base connections 4. Beam to beam connections 5. Cantilever beam connections 6. Arch peak connections 7. Arch base to support 8. Moment splice 9. Problem connections 1. Beam on shelf in wall. The bearing plate distributes the load and keeps the beam from direct contact with the concrete. Steel angles provide uplift resistance and can also provide some lateral resistance. The end of the beam should not be in direct contact with the concrete. 2. Similar to detail 1 with a steel bearing plate only under the beam. Many of the detail groups begin with a brief discussion of the design challenges pertinent to the specific type of connection. Focusing on the key design concepts of a broad class of connections often leads to insights regarding a specific detail of interest. Group 1. Beam to Concrete or Masonry Wall Connections Design concepts. Concrete is porous and “wicks” moisture. Good detailing never permits wood to be in direct contact with concrete. 3. Similar to detail 1 with slotted holes to accommodate slight lateral movement of the beam under load. This detail is more commonly used when the beam is sloped, rather than flat. American Wood Council
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ASD/LRFD MANUAL FOR ENGINEERED Wood
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M1: general requirements for struct
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132 M16: FIRE DESIGN Roof and Floor
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134 M16: FIRE DESIGN NER - 392 WTCA
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American Forest & Paper Association
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