ASD/LRFD Manual - American Wood Council

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ASD/LRFD MANUAL FOR ENGINEERED Wood Construction 35 M6.3 Adjustment of Reference Design Values To generate member design capacities, reference design values are multiplied by adjustment factors and section properties. Adjustment factors unique to round timber poles and piles include the untreated factor, C u , the critical section factor, C cs , and the single pile factor, C sp . All are defined in Chapter 6 of the NDS. To generate member design capacities, reference design values for round timber poles and piles are multiplied by adjustment factors and section properties per Chapter M3. Applicable adjustment factors for round timber poles and piles are defined in NDS 6.3. Table M6.3-1 shows the applicability of adjustment factors for round timber poles and piles in a slightly different format for the designer. Table M6.3-1 Applicability of Adjustment Factors for Round Timber Poles and Piles 1 6 Allowable Stress Design Load and Resistance Factor Design F c ′ = F c C D C t C u C P C cs C sp F c ′ = F c C t C u C P C cs C sp K F φ c λ F b ′ = F b C D C t C u C F C sp F t ′ = F t C t C u C F C sp K F φ b λ F v ′ = F v C D C t C u F v ′ = F v C t C u K F φ v λ 1 F c⊥ ′ = F c⊥ C D C t C u C b F c⊥ ′ = F c⊥ C t C u C b K F φ c λ E′ = E C t E′ = E C t E min ′ = E min C t E min ′ = E min C t K F φ s 1. The C D factor shall not apply to compression perpendicular to grain for poles. Axially Loaded Pole or Pile Example For single, axially loaded, treated poles or piles, fully laterally supported in two orthogonal directions, used in a normal environment (meeting the reference conditions of NDS 2.3 and 6.3), designed to resist compression loads only, and less than 13.5" in diameter, the adjusted compression design values reduce to: M6: ROUND TIMBER POLES AND PILES For ASD: F c ′ = F c C D C sp For LRFD: F c ′ = F c C sp K F φ c λ American Forest & paper association
36 M6: ROUND TIMBER POLES AND PILES M6.4 Special Design Considerations With proper detailing and protection, timber poles and piles can perform well in a variety of environments. One key to proper detailing is planning for the natural shrinkage and swelling of wood products as they are subjected to various drying and wetting cycles. While moisture changes have the largest impact on product dimensions, some designs must also check the effects of temperature. See M4.4 for design information on dimensional changes due to moisture and temperature. Durability issues related to piles are generally both more critical and more easily accommodated. Since piles are in constant ground contact, they cannot be “insulated” from contact with moisture – thus, the standard reference condition for piles is preservatively treated. The importance of proper treatment processing of piles cannot be overemphasized. See M4.4 for more information about durability. In addition to designing to accommodate dimensional changes and detailing for durability, another significant issue in the planning of wood structures is that of fire performance, which is discussed in Chapter M16. American Wood Council
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86 M11: DOWEL-TYPE FASTENERS M11.1
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90 M12: SPLIT RING AND SHEAR PLATE
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92 M13: TIMBER RIVETS M13.1 General
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94 M14: SHEAR WALLS AND DIAPHRAGMS
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100 M15: SPECIAL LOADING CONDITIONS
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102 M16: FIRE DESIGN M16.1 General
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104 M16: FIRE DESIGN Table M16.1-4
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106 M16: FIRE DESIGN Figure M16.1-2
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132 M16: FIRE DESIGN Roof and Floor
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134 M16: FIRE DESIGN NER - 392 WTCA
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136 M16: FIRE DESIGN UL - P522 & P5
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