Defence Forces Review 2008

Defence Forces Review 2008
4
‘Making War and Building Peace’ Doyle & Sambanis (2006) New Jersey, Princeton University Press,
Page 348.
5
‘United Nations Peacekeeping in the Cold War Era’, O’Neill & Rees (ed) (2005), New York,
Routledge, Page 24.
6
‘At War’s End’, Rowland Paris (2004), Cambridge University Press, Page 5.
7
An Agenda for Peace, Preventative diplomacy, peacemaking and peacekeeping, dated 17 June 1992
(A/47/277 –S/24111) http://www.un.org/docs/SG/agpeace.html
8
The Challenges Project was initiated in Sweden with participants from some 230 organizations and
50 countries during the tenure of the project 1997 – 2002. Titled Challenges of Peace Operations Into
the 21st Century – Concluding Report 1997 – 2002. http://www.challengesproject.net/roach/images/
pdf/concluding1.pdf
9
Taken from the Foreword of Challenges of Peace Operations Into the 21st Century – Concluding
Report 1997 – 2002 by Anna Lindh Minister for Foreign Affairs of Sweden, April 2002
10
Challenges of Peace Operations Into the 21st Century – Concluding Report 1997 – 2002 page 13
11
Taken from a letter dated 21 August 2000 from the UN Secretary General to the President of the
General Assembly and the President of the Security Council. Brahimi Report can be found at www.
un.org/peace/reports/peace_operations/
12
Some commentators have suggested that the presence of UN personnel have even prolonged conflicts
and led to more violence (O’Neill & Rees in United Nations Peacekeeping in the Post-Cold War era
page 11). Taken from the Executive Summary of the Brahimi Report page viii and can located in UN
document A/55/305 –S/2000/809.
13
United States Institute of Peace – Special Report – Peacekeeping in Africa page 2.
http://www.usip.org
14
Page 2, Para II (10) of the Brahimi Report.
15
On 01 October the ECOMIL (ECOWAS Mission in Liberia) troops, serving in Liberia were ‘rehatted’
as blue helmeted UN troops. ECOMIL came from ECOWAS (Economic Community Of West African
States) the mission was designated UNMIL (United Nations Mission In Liberia).
16
The Brahimi Report: Four Years On. – 20-21 June 2004, Proceedings of a Workshop held at the
Geneva Centre for Security Studies.
17
‘International Law and the Use of Forces’ Gray (2000) oxford University Press, Page 144.
18
‘The Military and Humanitarianism; Emerging Patterns of Intervention and Engagement’ Cottey &
Bikin-Kita (2006), The Humanitarian Policy Group.
19
‘The Brahimi Report four years on’ – Geneva Centre for Security Policy. 20-21 June 2004.
20
‘When States Fail’, Rotberg (2004), Princeton University Press, Pages 54-58.
21
‘Implementing Peace Agreements in Civil Wars: Lessons and Recommendations for Policymakers’
Stedman (2001) International Peace Academy, New York.
22
International Peace Academy IPA http://www.ipacademy.org/, Pages 10-11.
23
From ‘Civil Conflicts and the conditions for successful international intervention: a comparative
study of Cambodia and El Salvador’ (Munck & Kumar) Review of International Studies Vol 21
No 2 (1995) pages 159-181. See also ‘International Peace building: A theoretical and Quantitative
Analysis’, America Political Science Review, Vol 94 No 4 (2000).
24
Spoiler Problems in Peace Processes – Stephen Stedman. Paper Commissioned by the Committee on
International Conflict Resolution of the National Research Council. International Security Vol 22 No
2 (1997) pages 5-53.
http://www.iis-db.stanford.edu/pubs/20634/Spoiler_Problems_In_Peace_Processes.pdf
25
The Stimson Center 2001 – UN Peace Operations and the ‘Brahimi Report’ – William J.Durch, Senior
Associate and Project Director for the Panel on UN Peace Operations – page 19.
26
From Peace and Conflict Impact Assessment Methodology – PCIA project, Pages 185-186.
27
www.un.org/Depts/dpko/lessons/ 25 Mar 2008.
28
Currently there are fifteen UN progress Reports, the reports are published approximately every 12
weeks. Progress reports on UNMIL can be found at -http://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/missions/unmil/
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