Download PDF - Anchor Environmental

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction......................................................................................................1
1.1 BACKGROUND ...........................................................................................................................1
1.2 AIMS OF THE STUDY ...................................................................................................................2
1.3 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY ........................................................................................................4
1.4 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT ......................................................................................................4
2 Study area ........................................................................................................5
2.1 LOCATION AND EXTENT...............................................................................................................5
2.2 THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT......................................................................................................6
2.2.1 Topography.................................................................................................................6
2.2.2 Climate .......................................................................................................................6
2.2.3 Drainage .....................................................................................................................6
2.2.4 Hydrology ...................................................................................................................7
2.2.5 Soils............................................................................................................................9
2.2.6 Vegetation ..................................................................................................................9
2.2.7 Fish and wildlife ..........................................................................................................9
2.3 LAND USE AND TENURE ............................................................................................................ 10
2.4 POPULATION AND SETTLEMENTS ............................................................................................... 11
2.5 ZONATION USED IN THIS STUDY ................................................................................................. 12
2.6 DEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ZONES ..................................... 13
3 Valuation framework and methodology......................................................15
3.1 OVERALL APPROACH................................................................................................................ 15
3.2 VALUATION FRAMEWORK .......................................................................................................... 15
3.2.1 Total Economic Value framework ............................................................................. 15
3.2.2 National accounting framework................................................................................. 16
3.3 VALUATION METHODS............................................................................................................... 17
3.3.1 Direct use value: Tourism ......................................................................................... 17
3.3.2 Direct use value: Household use of resources.......................................................... 18
3.3.3 Indirect use values.................................................................................................... 21
3.3.4 Option and existence value....................................................................................... 22
3.4 VALUE OF THE OKAVANGO DELTA IN THE ECONOMY OF BOTSWANA.............................................. 22
3.4.1 Total economic value................................................................................................ 22
3.4.2 Direct impact on rural livelihoods .............................................................................. 22
3.4.3 Macroeconomic impact ............................................................................................. 22
3.4.4 Natural asset value of the Okavango Delta............................................................... 23
3.5 ANALYSIS OF MANAGEMENT SCENARIOS..................................................................................... 23
4 Direct use value: Tourism ............................................................................24
4.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW OF TOURISM ............................................................................................. 24
4.2 SEASONALITY AND PRICES........................................................................................................ 25
4.3 TOURISM ECONOMIC VALUE ...................................................................................................... 26
5 Direct use value: Household use of natural resources.............................28
5.1 HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS ................................................................................................ 28
5.2 OVERVIEW OF HOUSEHOLD LIVELIHOODS ................................................................................... 29
5.3 AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES........................................................................................................ 30
5.3.1 Livestock................................................................................................................... 30
5.3.2 Cropping ................................................................................................................... 33
5.3.3 Summary of agricultural values................................................................................. 35
5.4 USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES .................................................................................................. 36
5.4.1 Participation in natural resource use......................................................................... 36
5.4.2 Clay and pottery........................................................................................................ 36
5.4.3 Grasses .................................................................................................................... 37
5.4.4 Reeds and papyrus................................................................................................... 38
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