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Table 5-24. Estimated household harvests and value of papyrus in the study area. N W SE C Papyrus Gross private value Net private value Gross economic output Produced Sold Cash % hh (bundles) (bundles) Price Income Per user hh 10 6 - 10 63 46 - 66 Total - 2 195 - - 21 952 16 119 - 23 049 Per user hh 1 1 - 10 10 -7 - 11 Total - 25 - - 254 -169 - 267 Per user hh 1 1 - 10 10 -7 - 11 Total - 67 - - 668 -445 - 701 Per user hh 12 8 - 10 80 47 - 84 Total - 17 - - 1 978 1 154 - 2 077 TOTAL (P, 2005) - 2 304 - - 24 851 16 658 - 26 094 TOTAL (US$) - - - - 4 602 3 085 - 4 832 Table 5-25. Estimated household production and value of papyrus mats in the study area. N W SE C Produced (mats) Sold (mats) Price Gross private value Net private value Cash Income Gross economic output Gross value added Per producer hh 9 2 1 114.0 228 227 101 239 239 Papyrus mats % hh Total 636 283 72 536 72 089 32 238 76 163 76 045 Per producer hh 1 5 0 115.0 575 574 - 604 603 Total 127 0 14 595 14 559 - 15 325 15 315 Per producer hh 1 2 2 100 200 199 200 210 210 Total 134 134 13 358 13 264 13 358 14 025 14 001 Per producer hh 16 1 0 125 172 170 31 180 180 Total 3 1 5 665 5 619 1 030 5 948 5 936 TOTAL (P, 2005) 900 417 106 154 105 531 46 626 111 461 111 297 TOTAL (US$) 1 202 - 19 658 19 543 8 634 20 641 20 611 Upland or wetland Table 5-26 Plants mentioned in focus group discussions that are used for dyeing baskets Part Species Local price per unit Availability Trend Wetland Roots/bulb Kgopane P1 /tube about 10cm long Scarce Decreasing and also destroyed by elephants Wetland Bark Motsintala Pounded: P2/cup Scarce decreasing Upland and wetland Bark Mothakula P20 per bundle 10cm diameter and 20 cm long Scarce Decreasing Upland Bark Mokolhe Pounded: P2/cup Scarce Unknown Basket making was introduced to the area by the Hambukushu, who had fled from Angola to Botswana in the 1960s and settled in the thirteen villages of Etsha, which is in the West area. They were not allowed to seek formal employment, but they were encouraged to practice basketry. Much effort has been made to support this activity, including marketing of the products by non-government organisations. In this study, a fairly high proportion of households collected palm leaves, with almost none of this being for sale. Over 40% of households in the west and central areas collected palm leaves, the smallest involvement being in the SW area, as expected. Dried palm leaves fetch a reasonably high 40
price, and the resource generates some P1.8 million for households (Table 5-27). The production of baskets and other palm products is high in the West and particularly in the South East area, with households in both these areas generating about P1500 in benefits per producer household (Table 5-28). A higher proportion of baskets were sold in the SE area (which includes Maun). Palm leaves and basketry together contribute a net private value of some P3.3 million. Though focus group discussions indicated that this resource is plentiful, they did also note that it is decreasing in abundance. Indeed, it was already noted in the 1970s and 1980s that the supply of palm leaves around villages was becoming a problem due to overexploitation (Terry 1984). N W SW SE C Table 5-27. Estimated household harvests and value of palm leaves in the study area. Note the price is for the equivalent of a harvesting bundle, not a selling bundle Produced (bundles) Sold (bundles) Price Gross private value Net private value Cash Income Gross economic output Gross value added Per user hh 12 3 0 570.0 1 754 1 753 5 1 841 1 841 Palm leaves % hh Total 1273 3 725 338 724 821 1 909 761 605 761 217 Per user hh 42 4 0 240.0 840 839 - 882 881 Total 3021 0 724 932 723 854 - 761 179 760 370 Per user hh 7 1 0 240.0 309 307 - 324 323 Total 117 0 28 166 28 052 - 29 574 29 489 Per user hh 29 2 0 65.2 156 155 2 164 163 Total 4475 51 291 788 289 451 3 339 306 378 304 624 Per user hh 41 5 0 58.3 265.36 263 1.00 279 277 Total 268 1 21 866 21 660 82 22 959 22 805 TOTAL (P, 2005) 9 153 56 1 792 090 1 787 837 5 331 1 881 695 1 878 505 TOTAL (US$) 4 688 331 869 331 081 987 348 462 347 871 Table 5-28. Estimated household production and value of palm products (mainly baskets) in the study area. Palm products % hh Produced Sold N W SW SE C Average Price Gross private value Net private value Cash Income Gross economic output Gross value added Per producer hh 6.3 7 4 17 34 99 33 108 107 Total 1 591 827 22 927 21 989 7 254 24 074 23 825 Per producer hh 9.9 49 39 31 506 1 514 1 187 1 595 1 594 Total 10 026 7 843 308 389 307 533 240 975 323 808 323 582 Per producer hh 1.1 10 - 41 137 407 - 432 430 Total 130 - 5 359 5 304 - 5 627 5 613 Per producer hh 11.5 34 32 53 530 1 587 1 482 1 671 1 669 Total 24 912 23 175 1 168 887 1 165 791 1 088 897 1 227 332 1 226 513 Per producer hh 20.4 6 4 53 107 316 208 336 335 Total 133 88 13 197 13 023 8 580 13 857 13 811 TOTAL (P, 2005) 36 792 31 934 1 518 759 1 513 640 1 345 705 1 594 697 1 593 344 TOTAL (US$) 281 252 280 304 249 205 295 314 295 064 41
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Economic value of the Cover Okavang
Page 5 and 6: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This project was f
Page 7 and 8: # # # # # # # # # # typically quite
Page 9 and 10: household demographics, the relativ
Page 11 and 12: are harvested annually in the study
Page 13 and 14: 3. Wise use, based on Ramsar planni
Page 15 and 16: 5.4.5 Palms........................
Page 17 and 18: 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background The O
Page 19 and 20: • inform economically efficient p
Page 21 and 22: 2 STUDY AREA 2.1 Location and exten
Page 23 and 24: Maunachira-Khwai) and thence into n
Page 25 and 26: 2.2.5 Soils The soils of the delta
Page 27 and 28: Figure 2-3 Land use categories for
Page 29 and 30: # # # # # # # # # # Shakawe # # # #
Page 31 and 32: 3 VALUATION FRAMEWORK AND METHODOLO
Page 33 and 34: other variable relevant for policy)
Page 35 and 36: 3.3.2.1 Focus group discussions and
Page 37 and 38: A total of 430 households from 12 v
Page 39 and 40: Income and Expenditure Survey, a ne
Page 41 and 42: WMAs pay a lease to the local gover
Page 43 and 44: Table 4-3 Estimated direct gross ou
Page 45 and 46: Table 5-3 Average numbers of dwelli
Page 47 and 48: Table 5-6. Average number and produ
Page 49 and 50: 5.3.2 Cropping Some 75% of househol
Page 51 and 52: N W SW SE C Table 5-15. Average val
Page 53 and 54: general consensus was that pottery
Page 55: Reed mats are used by a few househo
Page 59 and 60: large quantities. This is a very im
Page 61 and 62: N W SW SE C Table 5-34. Estimated h
Page 63 and 64: Table 5-39 Relative proportion of d
Page 65 and 66: Mosepele (2005) recorded a fairly c
Page 67 and 68: The regulation of hunting stripped
Page 69 and 70: 5.5 The contribution of delta resou
Page 71 and 72: 6 INDIRECT USE VALUE 6.1 Indirect u
Page 73 and 74: 6.3 Indirect use values in the Okav
Page 75 and 76: estimate the net carbon sink of Aus
Page 77 and 78: Valuable migratory wildlife species
Page 79 and 80: External wildlife uses In order to
Page 81 and 82: Sanitary facilities are poorer. Alm
Page 83 and 84: Service Table 6-12. Summary of esti
Page 85 and 86: 8 THE VALUE OF THE OKAVANGO DELTA I
Page 87 and 88: Table 8-2 Summary of the direct eco
Page 89 and 90: Ramsar site Wetland Rentals & royal
Page 91 and 92: The SAM can also provide an indicat
Page 93 and 94: 9.3 Description of selected scenari
Page 95 and 96: 9.3.4 Scenario 4. Wise use plus ups
Page 97 and 98: 9.4 Parameters under different scen
Page 99 and 100: 10 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Page 101 and 102: 11 REFERENCES Abril, A & Bucher, E.
Page 103 and 104: Mbaiwa, J.E. 2002. The socio-econom
Page 105 and 106: 12 GLOSSARY Abstraction - pumping w
Page 107 and 108:
Profit - the difference between 'gr
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14 APPENDIX 2. TOURISM OPERATIONS I
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69 Wilderness Dawning 70 Wilmot Saf
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FINANCIAL/ECONOMIC MODEL - HIGH QUA
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16 APPENDIX 4. THE SAFARI HUNTING E
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Page 133 and 134:
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Table A5.1 Structure of a Social Ac
Page 137 and 138:
The sum of this column is the total
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generation and household expenditur
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