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characterised by a high proportion of Baherero, and the remaining zones (West, Central and South East) are dominated by Bayeyi (Figure 2-5). 10% 5% 19% 5% Panhandle 2% 8% 59% West 5% 5% 1% 6% 6% 5% 13% 72% 19% 1% 4% 1% 11% 92% Central 54% Bayeyi Bahambukushu Batawana Baherero Bakgalagadi Basarwa Other South West 6% 9% 3% 28% 1% South East 17% 33% Figure 2-5 Ethnic composition of households sampled in the five zones About a quarter of adults in the study area are employed, with rates of employment being highest in the Central and South-East zones (Table 2-4). Tourism and wildlife are the main employers in the Central zone, are also very important in the South East Zone and are significant in the Panhandle. Government is the main employer overall, and is particularly important in the West and South West Zones. Table 2-4 Percentage of adults that are employed, and the percentage of jobs in different sectors, for households sampled in each of the zones Zone Panhandle West South West South East Central Overall % adults employed 24% 21% 19% 29% 32% 25% % jobs in: Tourism 4% 0% 1% 15% 51% 13% DWNP 4% 0% 0% 2% 5% 2% Other Gov 41% 56% 64% 41% 15% 45% Farming 15% 12% 1% 1% 0% 6% Fishing 3% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% Trade in natural resources 7% 1% 0% 0% 0% 2% Trade in agric. products 3% 2% 1% 0% 1% 1% Other 23% 27% 30% 37% 22% 30% 14
3 VALUATION FRAMEWORK AND METHODOLOGY 3.1 Overall approach The study builds on considerable work that has been carried out in the study area, as well as primary data collection using surveys. The study began with an initial review of existing published and unpublished information and a week-long reconnaissance which included site visits and a fly-over of the entire delta and panhandle, meetings with stakeholders and researchers, and team discussions on the ecological-economics linkages and values pertaining to the study. This was followed by detailed methodological design. An extensive interview survey was conducted of households throughout the study area and various key informant interviews were held to inform different aspects of the study. Values were related to the biophysical characteristics and functioning of the delta as far as possible. The conceptual understanding gained was then used to estimate the implications of alternative management scenarios relating to water allocation and land-use issues. The study was also geared to evaluating the level of dependence of different types of activities on ecosystem functioning and conservation action, and to evaluate further economic potential of the area. 3.2 Valuation framework 3.2.1 Total Economic Value framework The economic value of the Okavango Delta was studied within the framework of Total Economic Value, which includes direct use, indirect use and non-use values. The total economic value generated by the Okavango Delta can be categorised into different types of value (Figure 3-1), providing a useful framework for analysis. TOTAL ECONOMIC VALUE USE VALUE NON-USE VALUE Direct Use Values Consumptive use value (e.g. harvesting) Non-consumptive use value (e.g. tourism) Indirect use value (ecosystem functions) Option value Existence value ECOSYSTEM GOODS & SERVICES Figure 3-1. The classification of ecosystem values that make up Total Economic Value (Turpie et al. 1999). Direct use values result from economic activity and are generated through the consumptive or nonconsumptive use of the delta’s natural resources. In the delta, direct use values are generated through crop production, livestock grazing, fishing, wild plant use and hunting. They are also 15
Page 1: Economic value of the Cover Okavang
Page 5 and 6: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This project was f
Page 7 and 8: # # # # # # # # # # typically quite
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Page 17 and 18: 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background The O
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Page 21 and 22: 2 STUDY AREA 2.1 Location and exten
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Page 25 and 26: 2.2.5 Soils The soils of the delta
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Page 33 and 34: other variable relevant for policy)
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Page 39 and 40: Income and Expenditure Survey, a ne
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Page 43 and 44: Table 4-3 Estimated direct gross ou
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Page 49 and 50: 5.3.2 Cropping Some 75% of househol
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Sanitary facilities are poorer. Alm
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Service Table 6-12. Summary of esti
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8 THE VALUE OF THE OKAVANGO DELTA I
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Table 8-2 Summary of the direct eco
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Ramsar site Wetland Rentals & royal
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The SAM can also provide an indicat
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9.3 Description of selected scenari
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9.3.4 Scenario 4. Wise use plus ups
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9.4 Parameters under different scen
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10 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
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11 REFERENCES Abril, A & Bucher, E.
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Mbaiwa, J.E. 2002. The socio-econom
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12 GLOSSARY Abstraction - pumping w
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Profit - the difference between 'gr
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14 APPENDIX 2. TOURISM OPERATIONS I
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69 Wilderness Dawning 70 Wilmot Saf
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FINANCIAL/ECONOMIC MODEL - HIGH QUA
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16 APPENDIX 4. THE SAFARI HUNTING E
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Table A5.1 Structure of a Social Ac
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The sum of this column is the total
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generation and household expenditur
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