Glossary of Data Variables for Fatal and accident causation ... - ERSO

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Manual For SafetyNet accident causation system (SNACS) GENERAL Genotypes Equipment failure (I1) TEMPORARY PERSON RELATED FUNCTIONS (E) ANTECEDENTS (REASONS/CAUSES) SPECIFIC Genotypes (with definitions) Passengers (E3.1) Another person in the vehicle diverts the driver's attention. External competing activity (E3.2) An object or a sequence of events outside the vehicle diverts the driver's attention. Internal competing activity (E3.3) An object or a sequence of events inside the vehicle diverts the driver's attention. Other (E3.4) Examples for SPECIFIC Genotypes Conversations with co-passengers, children fighting etc. An animal appearing by the side of the road. The mobile phone ringing, the navigation system alerting or the road user is thinking of something in particular. CONSEQUENTS (RESULTS/EFFEC TS) GENERAL Genotypes (with definitions) Distraction (E3) The performance of a task is suspended because the person's attention was caught by something else or the attention has shifted. Figure 13: Extract of the row that has Distraction (E3) as a CONSEQUENT from the table TEMPORARY PERSON RELATED FACTORS (E) When looking at the possible ANTECEDENTS, we first look at the specific genotypes. As you can see in this table, among the specific genotypes there is one that fits Kalle’s case very well, and that is “Internal competing activity” (E3.3). That specific genotype describes quite well the fact that Kalle’s attention is diverted from the driving task by the incoming phone call, and therefore we choose that one as the reason for “Distraction” (E3). Now, as the first stop rule said, specific genotypes have the status of terminal events. This means that this part of the causal chain stops here, since we have found a specific genotype which explains part of the accident event. We are not yet finished however, because we still have not accounted for Kalle’s lack of sleep as a contributing factor. To do this, we locate the table where “Fatigue” (E4) is located as a consequent (which will be in table E, as the E shows), and take a look at the antecedents available for “Fatigue” (E4). The table row looks like this: Page 140 of 215
Manual For SafetyNet accident causation system (SNACS) TEMPORARY PERSON RELATED FACTORS (E) CONSEQUENTS ANTECEDENTS (REASONS/CAUSES) (RESULTS/EFFECT S) GENERAL Genotypes SPECIFIC Genotypes (with definitions) Examples for SPECIFIC Genotypes GENERAL Genotypes (with definitions) Overload / Too high demands (M2) Management failure (M3) Circadian rhythm (E4.1) Driving at a time which is normally not within the "waking hours" and that results in reduced output capacity. Extensive driving spell (E4.2) Not taking breaks or pausing when driving long distances, and that leads to diminished driving ability. Other (E4.3) Driving at night to avoid heavy traffic. Truck drivers changing trucks with each other and driving more than the allowed period of time during 24 h. Fatigue (E4) Being mentally or physically tired/exhausted. Figure 14: Extract of the row that has Fatigue (E4) as general consequent from the table TEMPORARY PERSON RELATED FACTORS (E) As before, we first look at the specific genotypes. None of these seem applicable however, because Kalle was driving at daytime within his normal circadian rhythm, and he had not been driving for very long when the accident happened. Looking at what the stop rules say about this, we first find stop rule nr 2 which says: 2 General genotypes have the status of non-terminal events. If a general genotype is the most likely cause of a general consequent, that cause is chosen and the analysis must continue. This means that we have to look at the general genotypes in the ANTECEDENT part of the table (for definitions of the general genotypes, look them up in the tables where they appear as CONSEQUENTS). When we do that, we see that from what we know, none of them seem applicable to Kalle either. From the interview we know that Kalle says that he was not under any pressure; in fact he was feeling calm and relaxed. At this stage, we have to go back to the stop rules to see what to do in this situation where none of the available genotypes are applicable to the accident description. First off, stop rule nr 3 says: 3 If there exists no general or specific genotypes that link to the chosen consequent, the analysis stops. Page 141 of 215
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