Xenophon Paper 2 pdf - ICBSS

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creation in the region since 1992. The region since then exported threefold and its imports were well more then doubled. The BSEC also served as a multinational venue for the former Soviet Bloc countries to adapt to global trading rules by transferring know-how from market economies in Greece and Turkey. In the bigger picture, the BSEC assumed the task of facilitating the structural transformation of members by contributing to the creation of a market economy led by the private sector. Table 2 shows that the total trade volume of the BSEC almost doubled between 2000 and 2004, reaching $786.077 million which constitutes 3% percent of the world total trade volume. 134 UNFOLDING THE BLACK SEA ECONOMIC COOPERATION VIEWS FROM THE REGION
The former Soviet Bloc countries become more private sector oriented economies and attracted considerable amount of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) as a result. Although still at an unsatisfactory level, the BSEC countries have nevertheless attracted increased levels of FDI since 1992. Total FDI inflow towards the BSEC countries increased from $8.072 billion to $31.474 billion from 2000 to 2004. It is equivalent to a rise in share of global FDI inflows from 1% to 5%. As a result of successful privatisation programs, the BSEC region is expected to achieve $80 billion in 2007, which correspond to almost 4% of the total GDP in the region. 4 In terms of FDI attraction, energy-rich Russia, Turkey, Ukraine and new EU members (Romania and Bulgaria) seem more successful than the rest of the BSEC members. In this juncture, Azerbaijan, Serbia and Montenegro, Albania, Armenia and Moldova comparatively attracted less FDI inflows, therefore there is still a long list of reforms in these countries to strengthen their investment climate with behindthe-border reforms. 4 The World Bank (2007), World Development Indicators 2007, Washington. X E N O P H O N P A P E R no 2 135
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Styopa Safaryan, Elkhan Nuriyev, Ma
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International Centre for Black Sea
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The Policy of Ukraine towards the B
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INTRODUCTION Panagiota Manoli This
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‘exchange of views’ into concre
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would also ensure its integration w
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Between optimism and pessimism: Arm
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Affirming their determination to ma
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Low regional cooperation isolating
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objective of the official policies
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number of foreign tourists who also
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● ● ● conditions. The absence
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AZERBAIJAN AND THE WIDER BLACK SEA
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monopolisation of oil supplies by a
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significance of Azerbaijan as a key
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Paradoxically, Azerbaijan assumed t
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elationship between Azerbaijan, Geo
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has furthermore been a keen support
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and four of them are with regional
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The Southeast Europe Defence Minist
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NATO’s reach at the Black Sea sho
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Secondly, there is the ENP mechanis
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in the Black Sea area perceive the
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outside. There are various factors
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to start, but now all are taking of
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Trade and economic relations of Geo
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development. Nevertheless, during i
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● ● ● ● Additional Protocol
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Although regional cooperation appea
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cooperation’ in the Strategy Pape
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the primary responsibility of the U
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through joint efforts the constant
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for the first time, and several min
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The Black Sea region has been an ar
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Based on its experience from EU int
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at a rapid pace. 14 It is estimated
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Fund of the BSEC. Along with the UN
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music, etc.). Greece has also under
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The process of opening up the dialo
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Turkish foreign policy on the other
Page 87 and 88: THE POLICY OF MOLDOVA TOWARDS THE B
Page 89 and 90: Transnistria). The region is also a
Page 91 and 92: meanings of the whole region. If th
Page 93 and 94: Ministers. This does not address ho
Page 95 and 96: establishment of parallel overlappi
Page 97 and 98: to new and diversified markets. In
Page 99 and 100: that both the EU and NATO enlargeme
Page 101 and 102: adjusting them to fit the emerging
Page 103 and 104: THE POLICY OF ROMANIA TOWARDS THE B
Page 105 and 106: they have undertaken. The involveme
Page 107 and 108: Along with Greece and other BSEC co
Page 109 and 110: unsettled disputes in the region on
Page 111 and 112: and timeliness of its participation
Page 113 and 114: UNFOLDING THE BLACK SEA ECONOMIC CO
Page 115 and 116: separatism. Many regional countries
Page 117 and 118: Russia’s contribution to the BSEC
Page 119 and 120: What is the balance sheet of EU-Rus
Page 121 and 122: THE POLICY OF SERBIA TOWARDS THE BS
Page 123 and 124: At the very outset of dealing with
Page 125 and 126: The very concept of various paces o
Page 127 and 128: problems concerns the first proclai
Page 129: efore the UN and other global fora.
Page 132 and 133: the terrorist attacks of 9/11 (in N
Page 134 and 135: After an enthusiastic start, howeve
Page 138 and 139: Although the initial step of the BS
Page 140 and 141: BSEC-EU Interaction after the ‘Bl
Page 142 and 143: one of the most conflict-prone regi
Page 144 and 145: The BSEC offers Ukraine the chance
Page 146 and 147: ethnic colouring. 2 Moreover, the i
Page 148 and 149: Cooperation, which took place in Ky
Page 150 and 151: A number of meetings between minist
Page 152 and 153: Ukraine has already implemented a f
Page 154 and 155: are being put forward by its member
Page 156 and 157: Strategically important transport p
Page 159 and 160: CONCLUSIONS: BALANCING NATIONAL INT
Page 161: een lagging behind the other transi
Page 164 and 165: most notably of Crime and Social Co
Page 166 and 167: School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts
Page 168: HELBROK ICBSS ID INOGATE INSME IPAP
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