Xenophon Paper 2 pdf - ICBSS

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Strategically important transport projects, which foresee the linkage of national energy systems among countries of the Black Sea into a single ring, thus forming a system of regional transmission, are currently under development within the framework of the BSEC. These projects will assist the development of cooperation between economic groups of Europe and Asia (e.g. EU, BSEC, EurAsEU, etc.). At the end of 2006, a Memorandum of Understanding between the BSEC and Eurasian Economic Union (EurAsEU) was signed. Similar memoranda were signed with the World Bank and specialised agencies of the United Nations system. New horizons are expected from the European Union as a result of the much awaited Black Sea strategy 16 that should be in the same line with existing strategies directed at the Baltic or the Mediterranean regions. The chief structure in the domain of regional security in the BSEC region should be the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). The BSEC countries should concentrate their efforts in the sphere of regional security through achieving economic security, reinforcing cooperation on humanitarian issues, strengthening the fight against organised crime and illegal drug trafficking, and strictly preventing smuggling and trade of weapons and radioactive materials. Further security issues affecting the region are illegal migration, marine piracy and smuggling in and through the Black Sea, economic, transport and communications security as well as the threat to democratic values. Future trends could include the development of relations between the BSEC and GUAM. All of the members of GUAM are also members of the BSEC, which could potentially significantly add to the building of more harmonious economic relations between the GUAM states and such regional leaders as Turkey and Russia. The most promising means to establish cooperation between the two organisations could entail projects, which have been already realised by GUAM on issues of soft security, trade and traffic facilitation. Therefore when taking into account both boons and weaknesses in the BSEC’s overall performance combined with the possibility of establishing a future cooperation with other regional organisations, it is possible to highlight the main priorities for the BSEC in the short and middle term. I) Defining priorities of cooperation within the BSEC framework shared by the majority of the BSEC member states; II) Developing special projects for the implementation of the agreed fields of priority for cooperation and ensuring their proper financing; III) Forming credit pools and opening new credit lines for financing large scale projects concerning the development of trade and infrastructure; 16 Commission of the European Communities (2007), ‘Black Sea Synergy - A New Regional Approach’, Communication to the Council and the European Parloament, COM (2007), Brussels, 11 April. 154 UNFOLDING THE BLACK SEA ECONOMIC COOPERATION VIEWS FROM THE REGION
IV) Strengthening a dialogue between the BSEC and different regional and subregional structures, the European Union and European banks in particular, with the purpose of assisting economic and social reforms in the countries of the region; V) Creating a banking infrastructure and a network of business centres for financing and providing information on both public and private investment in infrastructure projects; VI) Establishing a monitoring mechanism covering the field of export-import operations of the BSEC members, for identifying weak points and conducting the proper corrections on foreign trade flows in the Black Sea region thus improving the economic situation in the countries of the region; VII) Creating a regime for free movement of goods, services and capital, that will stimulate economic contacts, extend measures of industrial cooperation and common investments in areas of mutual interest; VIII) Unifying the customs system of the countries of the region, creating a full-fledged system of multilateral accounts and organising a Black Sea Pay Union in the future; and IX) Supporting democratic processes in the countries of the region. In order to actively favour the democratic development of local government, it is important to also take advantage of opportunities offered by BSEC substructures such as the International Black Sea Club which unites key cities and ports of the Black Sea, or the Round Table of Mayors and Governors of the Capitals of the Black Sea region. The active economic and political policy pursued by Ukraine in the BSEC is aimed at giving the country a possibility to realise its interests, to provide the country with increased authority in the region and in the world and finally, to become an important regional player in the geopolitical scene as it is shaped today. Ukraine can and must play a considerable role in the organisation of the new economic cooperation system in the Black Sea region. X E N O P H O N P A P E R no 2 155
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Styopa Safaryan, Elkhan Nuriyev, Ma
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International Centre for Black Sea
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The Policy of Ukraine towards the B
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INTRODUCTION Panagiota Manoli This
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‘exchange of views’ into concre
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would also ensure its integration w
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Between optimism and pessimism: Arm
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Affirming their determination to ma
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Low regional cooperation isolating
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objective of the official policies
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number of foreign tourists who also
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● ● ● conditions. The absence
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AZERBAIJAN AND THE WIDER BLACK SEA
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monopolisation of oil supplies by a
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significance of Azerbaijan as a key
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Paradoxically, Azerbaijan assumed t
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elationship between Azerbaijan, Geo
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has furthermore been a keen support
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and four of them are with regional
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The Southeast Europe Defence Minist
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NATO’s reach at the Black Sea sho
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Secondly, there is the ENP mechanis
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in the Black Sea area perceive the
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outside. There are various factors
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to start, but now all are taking of
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Trade and economic relations of Geo
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development. Nevertheless, during i
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● ● ● ● Additional Protocol
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Although regional cooperation appea
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cooperation’ in the Strategy Pape
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the primary responsibility of the U
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through joint efforts the constant
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for the first time, and several min
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The Black Sea region has been an ar
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Based on its experience from EU int
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at a rapid pace. 14 It is estimated
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Fund of the BSEC. Along with the UN
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music, etc.). Greece has also under
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The process of opening up the dialo
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Turkish foreign policy on the other
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THE POLICY OF MOLDOVA TOWARDS THE B
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Transnistria). The region is also a
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meanings of the whole region. If th
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Ministers. This does not address ho
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establishment of parallel overlappi
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to new and diversified markets. In
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that both the EU and NATO enlargeme
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adjusting them to fit the emerging
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THE POLICY OF ROMANIA TOWARDS THE B
Page 105 and 106: they have undertaken. The involveme
Page 107 and 108: Along with Greece and other BSEC co
Page 109 and 110: unsettled disputes in the region on
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Page 113 and 114: UNFOLDING THE BLACK SEA ECONOMIC CO
Page 115 and 116: separatism. Many regional countries
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Page 119 and 120: What is the balance sheet of EU-Rus
Page 121 and 122: THE POLICY OF SERBIA TOWARDS THE BS
Page 123 and 124: At the very outset of dealing with
Page 125 and 126: The very concept of various paces o
Page 127 and 128: problems concerns the first proclai
Page 129: efore the UN and other global fora.
Page 132 and 133: the terrorist attacks of 9/11 (in N
Page 134 and 135: After an enthusiastic start, howeve
Page 136 and 137: creation in the region since 1992.
Page 138 and 139: Although the initial step of the BS
Page 140 and 141: BSEC-EU Interaction after the ‘Bl
Page 142 and 143: one of the most conflict-prone regi
Page 144 and 145: The BSEC offers Ukraine the chance
Page 146 and 147: ethnic colouring. 2 Moreover, the i
Page 148 and 149: Cooperation, which took place in Ky
Page 150 and 151: A number of meetings between minist
Page 152 and 153: Ukraine has already implemented a f
Page 154 and 155: are being put forward by its member
Page 159 and 160: CONCLUSIONS: BALANCING NATIONAL INT
Page 161: een lagging behind the other transi
Page 164 and 165: most notably of Crime and Social Co
Page 166 and 167: School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts
Page 168: HELBROK ICBSS ID INOGATE INSME IPAP
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