Xenophon Paper 2 pdf - ICBSS

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Although the initial step of the BSEC’s modest goals can be said to have been accomplished as member countries made considerable progress in terms of transition to open, market-based and private-sector driven economies, the picture is not all that good yet. The region is still suffering from a lack of diversification in export goods, incomplete trade policy reforms and a poor investment climate, which all in all hinders the region from integrating fully into the global value chain. A decade and a half after the disintegration of the Warsaw Pact, the WBSR’s integration to the global economy is still deemed an unfinished task. The BSEC is a unique multinational setting for initiating concerted behind-the-border reforms for its members by providing best practices from other member states. Main themes of such a reform agenda include improving competition regulation, capacity building towards sound governance, developing trade-facilitating infrastructure and attracting long-term foreign direct investment (FDI). The BSEC Chairmanship provides Turkey another shot at playing a role in this integration process with its comparatively extensive experience on private sector development and modern governance structures. The process of integration into the global economy has transformed the Turkish economy to a great extent since 2001. Rising competition waves, coming mainly from East Asia and the EU accession process are redefining the rules of the game for Turkish public and private sectors. Shrinking profit margins force firms to rethink their production processes. In such a context, Turkey can play a leading role by transferring know-how and FDI to the Black Sea region. Turkish private sector companies have already considerable market shares in the BSEC member states, managing to increase their market 136 UNFOLDING THE BLACK SEA ECONOMIC COOPERATION VIEWS FROM THE REGION
shares between 1996 and 2005 from 1,2% to almost 3%. However, 82% of the Turkish FDI (companies’ investments in the BSEC countries) concentrates in the energy sector. Clearly there is a need for Turkey to diversify this investment pattern in the region. In the following years, Turkish firms are expected to invest more especially in the logistics sector in the region, in addition to transferring know-how in the field of border crossing and management. Improvement of the logistics sector in the Black Sea basin will put the region firmly into the post-modern Silk Road perspective, connecting China to Europe via road transportation. The problems pertaining to the road transport industry, the most important part of the logistics sector, will be on top of Turkey’s foreign trade agenda, especially towards the WBSR. In this context, Turkey will contribute to the BSEC’s concrete projects in the logistics and transport sector, such as the development of the ‘Black Sea Ring Highway’ and the ‘motorways of the sea’, designed to link the BSEC region to the Trans-European and Asian transport axes and form the Black Sea Transport Corridor. Turkey could also prioritise transferring know-how and experience on the clustering schemes and the Qualified Industrial Zones (QIZ) to other BSEC countries, which can create microclimates for member countries’ Small and Medium-size Enterprises (SMEs). By virtue of those clusters and QIZ’s, SME’s enjoy labour market pooling, supplier specialisation, knowledge spillover and know-how transfer to individual firms. Clustering and QIZ projects also provide a unique opportunity for a more proactive role by the BSEC, generally criticised for its inability to interfere into the frozen conflicts of the region. Since, as mentioned above, the BSEC has not been equipped with political and conflict management/resolution tools and its members do not favour such a role for the organisation, it cannot, as of today, enter the picture as a political actor in this conflictridden region. However, the BSEC could utilise economic instruments by initiating crossborder projects in the framework of the post-conflict rehabilitation projects. X E N O P H O N P A P E R no 2 137
Page 1:
Styopa Safaryan, Elkhan Nuriyev, Ma
Page 4 and 5:
International Centre for Black Sea
Page 6 and 7:
The Policy of Ukraine towards the B
Page 9 and 10:
INTRODUCTION Panagiota Manoli This
Page 11:
‘exchange of views’ into concre
Page 14 and 15:
would also ensure its integration w
Page 16 and 17:
Between optimism and pessimism: Arm
Page 18 and 19:
Affirming their determination to ma
Page 20 and 21:
Low regional cooperation isolating
Page 22 and 23:
objective of the official policies
Page 24 and 25:
number of foreign tourists who also
Page 26 and 27:
● ● ● conditions. The absence
Page 29 and 30:
AZERBAIJAN AND THE WIDER BLACK SEA
Page 31 and 32:
monopolisation of oil supplies by a
Page 33 and 34:
significance of Azerbaijan as a key
Page 35 and 36:
Paradoxically, Azerbaijan assumed t
Page 37:
elationship between Azerbaijan, Geo
Page 40 and 41:
has furthermore been a keen support
Page 42 and 43:
and four of them are with regional
Page 44 and 45:
The Southeast Europe Defence Minist
Page 46 and 47:
NATO’s reach at the Black Sea sho
Page 48 and 49:
Secondly, there is the ENP mechanis
Page 50 and 51:
in the Black Sea area perceive the
Page 52 and 53:
outside. There are various factors
Page 54 and 55:
to start, but now all are taking of
Page 56 and 57:
Trade and economic relations of Geo
Page 58 and 59:
development. Nevertheless, during i
Page 60 and 61:
● ● ● ● Additional Protocol
Page 62 and 63:
Although regional cooperation appea
Page 64 and 65:
cooperation’ in the Strategy Pape
Page 66 and 67:
the primary responsibility of the U
Page 68 and 69:
through joint efforts the constant
Page 70 and 71:
for the first time, and several min
Page 72 and 73:
The Black Sea region has been an ar
Page 74 and 75:
Based on its experience from EU int
Page 76 and 77:
at a rapid pace. 14 It is estimated
Page 78 and 79:
Fund of the BSEC. Along with the UN
Page 80 and 81:
music, etc.). Greece has also under
Page 82 and 83:
The process of opening up the dialo
Page 84 and 85:
Turkish foreign policy on the other
Page 87 and 88: THE POLICY OF MOLDOVA TOWARDS THE B
Page 89 and 90: Transnistria). The region is also a
Page 91 and 92: meanings of the whole region. If th
Page 93 and 94: Ministers. This does not address ho
Page 95 and 96: establishment of parallel overlappi
Page 97 and 98: to new and diversified markets. In
Page 99 and 100: that both the EU and NATO enlargeme
Page 101 and 102: adjusting them to fit the emerging
Page 103 and 104: THE POLICY OF ROMANIA TOWARDS THE B
Page 105 and 106: they have undertaken. The involveme
Page 107 and 108: Along with Greece and other BSEC co
Page 109 and 110: unsettled disputes in the region on
Page 111 and 112: and timeliness of its participation
Page 113 and 114: UNFOLDING THE BLACK SEA ECONOMIC CO
Page 115 and 116: separatism. Many regional countries
Page 117 and 118: Russia’s contribution to the BSEC
Page 119 and 120: What is the balance sheet of EU-Rus
Page 121 and 122: THE POLICY OF SERBIA TOWARDS THE BS
Page 123 and 124: At the very outset of dealing with
Page 125 and 126: The very concept of various paces o
Page 127 and 128: problems concerns the first proclai
Page 129: efore the UN and other global fora.
Page 132 and 133: the terrorist attacks of 9/11 (in N
Page 134 and 135: After an enthusiastic start, howeve
Page 136 and 137: creation in the region since 1992.
Page 140 and 141: BSEC-EU Interaction after the ‘Bl
Page 142 and 143: one of the most conflict-prone regi
Page 144 and 145: The BSEC offers Ukraine the chance
Page 146 and 147: ethnic colouring. 2 Moreover, the i
Page 148 and 149: Cooperation, which took place in Ky
Page 150 and 151: A number of meetings between minist
Page 152 and 153: Ukraine has already implemented a f
Page 154 and 155: are being put forward by its member
Page 156 and 157: Strategically important transport p
Page 159 and 160: CONCLUSIONS: BALANCING NATIONAL INT
Page 161: een lagging behind the other transi
Page 164 and 165: most notably of Crime and Social Co
Page 166 and 167: School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts
Page 168: HELBROK ICBSS ID INOGATE INSME IPAP
show all

Xenophon Paper 2 pdf - ICBSS

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?