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International Centre for Black Sea Studies (ICBSS) 4 Xenophontos Str. 10557 Athens Greece Tel: +30 210 324 2321 Fax: +30 210 324 2244 Email: icbss@icbss.org Website: www.icbss.org Director General: Dimitrios Triantaphyllou © International Centre for Black Sea Studies 2007. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the International Centre for Black Sea Studies. The views expressed exclusively represent the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the ICBSS. ISSN 1790-8396 ISBN 978-960-89227-8-5 Published by the International Centre for Black Sea Studies and printed in Athens (Greece) by Ktimes 2 design & advertising. UNFOLDING THE BLACK SEA ECONOMIC COOPERATION VIEWS FROM THE REGION
CONTENTS Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Dimitrios Triantaphyllou Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Panagiota Manoli Armenia in the Black Sea Region: 16 Year-Old Variable Geometry with Remaining Local Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Styopa Safaryan Azerbaijan and the Wider Black Sea Area: New Prospects and Future Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 Elkhan Nuriyev The Black Sea Cooperation: An Outlook from Bulgaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 Marin Lessenski Black Sea Economic Cooperation: A Georgian Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 Joseph Chakhvashvili Greece’s Engagement with the Black Sea Economic Cooperation . . . . . . . . . . . . .67 Panagiota Manoli The Policy of Moldova towards the Black Sea Region and the BSEC . . . . . . . .85 Igor Munteanu The Policy of Romania towards the BSEC and the Black Sea Region . . . . . . .101 Nicolae Micu Unfolding the Black Sea Economic Cooperation: A View from Russia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111 Nadia Alexandrova-Arbatova The Policy of Serbia towards the BSEC and the Black Sea Region . . . . . . . . .119 Aleksandar Fatic The Turkish Policy towards the Wider Black Sea Region and its Chairmanship of the BSEC (May – October 2007) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129 Mustafa Aydin and Omer Fazlioglu X E N O P H O N P A P E R no 2 3
Page 1: Styopa Safaryan, Elkhan Nuriyev, Ma
Page 6 and 7: The Policy of Ukraine towards the B
Page 9 and 10: INTRODUCTION Panagiota Manoli This
Page 11: ‘exchange of views’ into concre
Page 14 and 15: would also ensure its integration w
Page 16 and 17: Between optimism and pessimism: Arm
Page 18 and 19: Affirming their determination to ma
Page 20 and 21: Low regional cooperation isolating
Page 22 and 23: objective of the official policies
Page 24 and 25: number of foreign tourists who also
Page 26 and 27: ● ● ● conditions. The absence
Page 29 and 30: AZERBAIJAN AND THE WIDER BLACK SEA
Page 31 and 32: monopolisation of oil supplies by a
Page 33 and 34: significance of Azerbaijan as a key
Page 35 and 36: Paradoxically, Azerbaijan assumed t
Page 37: elationship between Azerbaijan, Geo
Page 40 and 41: has furthermore been a keen support
Page 42 and 43: and four of them are with regional
Page 44 and 45: The Southeast Europe Defence Minist
Page 46 and 47: NATO’s reach at the Black Sea sho
Page 48 and 49: Secondly, there is the ENP mechanis
Page 50 and 51: in the Black Sea area perceive the
Page 52 and 53: outside. There are various factors
Page 54 and 55:
to start, but now all are taking of
Page 56 and 57:
Trade and economic relations of Geo
Page 58 and 59:
development. Nevertheless, during i
Page 60 and 61:
● ● ● ● Additional Protocol
Page 62 and 63:
Although regional cooperation appea
Page 64 and 65:
cooperation’ in the Strategy Pape
Page 66 and 67:
the primary responsibility of the U
Page 68 and 69:
through joint efforts the constant
Page 70 and 71:
for the first time, and several min
Page 72 and 73:
The Black Sea region has been an ar
Page 74 and 75:
Based on its experience from EU int
Page 76 and 77:
at a rapid pace. 14 It is estimated
Page 78 and 79:
Fund of the BSEC. Along with the UN
Page 80 and 81:
music, etc.). Greece has also under
Page 82 and 83:
The process of opening up the dialo
Page 84 and 85:
Turkish foreign policy on the other
Page 87 and 88:
THE POLICY OF MOLDOVA TOWARDS THE B
Page 89 and 90:
Transnistria). The region is also a
Page 91 and 92:
meanings of the whole region. If th
Page 93 and 94:
Ministers. This does not address ho
Page 95 and 96:
establishment of parallel overlappi
Page 97 and 98:
to new and diversified markets. In
Page 99 and 100:
that both the EU and NATO enlargeme
Page 101 and 102:
adjusting them to fit the emerging
Page 103 and 104:
THE POLICY OF ROMANIA TOWARDS THE B
Page 105 and 106:
they have undertaken. The involveme
Page 107 and 108:
Along with Greece and other BSEC co
Page 109 and 110:
unsettled disputes in the region on
Page 111 and 112:
and timeliness of its participation
Page 113 and 114:
UNFOLDING THE BLACK SEA ECONOMIC CO
Page 115 and 116:
separatism. Many regional countries
Page 117 and 118:
Russia’s contribution to the BSEC
Page 119 and 120:
What is the balance sheet of EU-Rus
Page 121 and 122:
THE POLICY OF SERBIA TOWARDS THE BS
Page 123 and 124:
At the very outset of dealing with
Page 125 and 126:
The very concept of various paces o
Page 127 and 128:
problems concerns the first proclai
Page 129:
efore the UN and other global fora.
Page 132 and 133:
the terrorist attacks of 9/11 (in N
Page 134 and 135:
After an enthusiastic start, howeve
Page 136 and 137:
creation in the region since 1992.
Page 138 and 139:
Although the initial step of the BS
Page 140 and 141:
BSEC-EU Interaction after the ‘Bl
Page 142 and 143:
one of the most conflict-prone regi
Page 144 and 145:
The BSEC offers Ukraine the chance
Page 146 and 147:
ethnic colouring. 2 Moreover, the i
Page 148 and 149:
Cooperation, which took place in Ky
Page 150 and 151:
A number of meetings between minist
Page 152 and 153:
Ukraine has already implemented a f
Page 154 and 155:
are being put forward by its member
Page 156 and 157:
Strategically important transport p
Page 159 and 160:
CONCLUSIONS: BALANCING NATIONAL INT
Page 161:
een lagging behind the other transi
Page 164 and 165:
most notably of Crime and Social Co
Page 166 and 167:
School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts
Page 168:
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