Xenophon Paper 2 pdf - ICBSS

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● ● ● ● Additional Protocol to the Agreement among the Governments of the BSEC Participating States on Cooperation in Combating Crime, in Particular in its Organised Forms (Kyiv, 15 March 2002); Additional Protocol on Combating Terrorism to the Agreement among the Governments of the BSEC Participating States on Cooperation in Combating Crime, in Particular in its Organised Forms (Athens, 3 December 2004); Agreement among the Governments of the BSEC Participating States on Collaboration in Emergency Assistance and Emergency Response to Natural and Man-Made Disasters (Sochi, 15 April 1998); Additional Protocol to the Agreement among the Governments of the BSEC Participating States on Collaboration in Emergency Assistance and Emergency Response to Natural and Man-Made Disasters (Kyiv, 20 October 2005). Two important Memoranda of Understanding were prepared and adopted in April 2007, one on the ‘Coordinated Development of the Black Sea Ring Highway’ and another on the ‘Development of Motorways of the Sea in the BSEC Region’. These Memoranda are practical results in terms of implementing important regional projects. In terms of the interaction of the BSEC with other international structures, of particular importance has been the advancement of its relations with the EU. In this regard, the document on ‘BSEC-EU Interaction: The BSEC Approach’ was prepared and adopted in February 2007. 4 That document was timely, as the EU displayed increased interest for the BSEC following the accession of Bulgaria and Romania which extended the EU borders to the Black Sea region. Furthermore, the BSEC has successfully developed relations with the following international and regional organisations and structures: ● ● ● ● ● ● The United Nations – the BSEC has the status of observer in the UN General Assembly; The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN/ECE) - Cooperation Agreement in the fields of environment, transport and SMEs; The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) - BSEC-UNDP joint Project and Black Sea Trade and Investment Promotion Programme; The United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) - Agreement on Cooperation between the BSEC and UNEP; The United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO) - Relationship Agreement on cooperation in the fields of investment promotion, energy, SMEs, human resources development, industrial statistics and environment; The Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations - Project on 4 Document available on http://www.icbss.org. 58 UNFOLDING THE BLACK SEA ECONOMIC COOPERATION VIEWS FROM THE REGION
● ● ● Institutional Strengthening to Facilitate Intra-and Inter-regional Agricultural Trade of the BSEC Members States, Project Concept on Promotion of Bee Keeping Among Low Income Rural Families for Supplementary Earnings in the Black Sea, Project idea on Plant Genetic Resources and Bread Wheat Network; The World Bank - Joint Letter on collaboration; The World Trade Organisation - Organisation of joint regional seminars; The Eurasian Economic Community - Memorandum of Understanding; We should also mention that the process of the BSEC’s internal reform and restructuring has also been launched recently as a response to the new challenges and realities in the era of globalisation. As contemporary trends in international political and economic relations indicate, the role of international organisations in regional and global affairs is enhanced, as they constitute significant instruments for the protection and promotion of their members’ interests, particularly in the sphere of economic relations. In the era of globalisation regional fora acquire great importance. Within this context and in a favourable international environment, regional economic cooperation within the Black Sea area, can contribute to strengthening peace and stability in wider Europe as well as to the economic development of the countries of the region. The Black Sea region has an important geostrategic location as it lies at the notoriously crucial crossroads between East, West, North and South. The BSEC area that covers 20 million square kilometres with a population of more than 300 million has a great economic potential and constitutes a big market for the EU countries and other regions of the world. At the same time, the BSEC region is a very attractive area for foreign investments due to its strategic importance in terms of energy resources, transport infrastructure and shipment routes for goods and cargos. Given the rich natural and human resources of the BSEC area, it has recently been one of the fastest growing regions in the world. The EU’s approach toward the Black Sea region The EU is confronting the profound political changes in the Black Sea region through three separate and distinct strategies: the continuation of the enlargement process to South East Europe and Turkey; the further development of the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP); and the engagement in the four Common Spaces bilaterally with Russia. Within the three strategies of relevance to the Black Sea region, EU relations with its neighbouring countries have been so far primarily conducted on a bilateral basis. The principal instruments of the EU neighbourhood policy such as contractual agreements, economic assistance and political dialogue are predominantly bilateral, and regional cooperation is a marginal element in all three strategies. X E N O P H O N P A P E R no 2 59
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Styopa Safaryan, Elkhan Nuriyev, Ma
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International Centre for Black Sea
Page 6 and 7:
The Policy of Ukraine towards the B
Page 9 and 10: INTRODUCTION Panagiota Manoli This
Page 11: ‘exchange of views’ into concre
Page 14 and 15: would also ensure its integration w
Page 16 and 17: Between optimism and pessimism: Arm
Page 18 and 19: Affirming their determination to ma
Page 20 and 21: Low regional cooperation isolating
Page 22 and 23: objective of the official policies
Page 24 and 25: number of foreign tourists who also
Page 26 and 27: ● ● ● conditions. The absence
Page 29 and 30: AZERBAIJAN AND THE WIDER BLACK SEA
Page 31 and 32: monopolisation of oil supplies by a
Page 33 and 34: significance of Azerbaijan as a key
Page 35 and 36: Paradoxically, Azerbaijan assumed t
Page 37: elationship between Azerbaijan, Geo
Page 40 and 41: has furthermore been a keen support
Page 42 and 43: and four of them are with regional
Page 44 and 45: The Southeast Europe Defence Minist
Page 46 and 47: NATO’s reach at the Black Sea sho
Page 48 and 49: Secondly, there is the ENP mechanis
Page 50 and 51: in the Black Sea area perceive the
Page 52 and 53: outside. There are various factors
Page 54 and 55: to start, but now all are taking of
Page 56 and 57: Trade and economic relations of Geo
Page 58 and 59: development. Nevertheless, during i
Page 62 and 63: Although regional cooperation appea
Page 64 and 65: cooperation’ in the Strategy Pape
Page 66 and 67: the primary responsibility of the U
Page 68 and 69: through joint efforts the constant
Page 70 and 71: for the first time, and several min
Page 72 and 73: The Black Sea region has been an ar
Page 74 and 75: Based on its experience from EU int
Page 76 and 77: at a rapid pace. 14 It is estimated
Page 78 and 79: Fund of the BSEC. Along with the UN
Page 80 and 81: music, etc.). Greece has also under
Page 82 and 83: The process of opening up the dialo
Page 84 and 85: Turkish foreign policy on the other
Page 87 and 88: THE POLICY OF MOLDOVA TOWARDS THE B
Page 89 and 90: Transnistria). The region is also a
Page 91 and 92: meanings of the whole region. If th
Page 93 and 94: Ministers. This does not address ho
Page 95 and 96: establishment of parallel overlappi
Page 97 and 98: to new and diversified markets. In
Page 99 and 100: that both the EU and NATO enlargeme
Page 101 and 102: adjusting them to fit the emerging
Page 103 and 104: THE POLICY OF ROMANIA TOWARDS THE B
Page 105 and 106: they have undertaken. The involveme
Page 107 and 108: Along with Greece and other BSEC co
Page 109 and 110: unsettled disputes in the region on
Page 111 and 112:
and timeliness of its participation
Page 113 and 114:
UNFOLDING THE BLACK SEA ECONOMIC CO
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separatism. Many regional countries
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Russia’s contribution to the BSEC
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What is the balance sheet of EU-Rus
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THE POLICY OF SERBIA TOWARDS THE BS
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At the very outset of dealing with
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The very concept of various paces o
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problems concerns the first proclai
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efore the UN and other global fora.
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the terrorist attacks of 9/11 (in N
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After an enthusiastic start, howeve
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creation in the region since 1992.
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Although the initial step of the BS
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BSEC-EU Interaction after the ‘Bl
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one of the most conflict-prone regi
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The BSEC offers Ukraine the chance
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ethnic colouring. 2 Moreover, the i
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Cooperation, which took place in Ky
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A number of meetings between minist
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Ukraine has already implemented a f
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are being put forward by its member
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Strategically important transport p
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CONCLUSIONS: BALANCING NATIONAL INT
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een lagging behind the other transi
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most notably of Crime and Social Co
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School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts
Page 168:
HELBROK ICBSS ID INOGATE INSME IPAP
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