The Diversity of Sacred Lands in Europe - IUCN

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1200 BC to AD Iron AD to 476 Roman 568 to 1017 Lombard Middle Ages 500 - 1400 Renaissance 1500 - 1700 Still in use in 20th Century Age Italic culture Empire Empire √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 121
own bear, an endangered subspecies of the brown bear. Their habitat is mainly restricted to Abruzzo National Park, though a number have also been seen at Majella National Park. The total population of this subspecies is estimated to be only around 40 bears. Big roads and motorways divide Abruzzo National Park from Majella National Park and Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga National Park. There is an urgent need for wildlife corridors between these parks. The numerous sacred sites also pose challenges, though these are more related to restoration, maintenance and safety measures. While many of these sites (caves, hermitages, churches, abbeys and monasteries) are still in use, not all are used on a daily basis. There might therefore be a question of who is to look after these sites, many still consecrated. Another point is that while these sites are remote, the Abruzzo winter also delivers much snow and with over 55% of its territory above 2000 m many sites are inaccessible from November till March. Nor is the weather gentle with the frescoes and statues and it is amazing that after hundreds of years we are still able to admire some of the paintings. Unfortunately many people think that it is acceptable to scribble their name over paintings, on statues and even on altars. An educational initiative that values the uniqueness of Abruzzo’s special natural, cultural and spiritual heritage might help in safeguarding its importance to future generations. Only recently has some money been made available by the government, and excavations have resumed at some of the Palaeolithic and Neolithic sites. Recently a 14 000 year old hearth was discovered, making this one of the best-preserved hearths in Europe. While a number of caves today have the necessary legal safeguards (because they are related to paleosurfaces) there are still a number of caves that people can just walk into. It is of note to mention that only recently (2004) Palaeolithic surfaces in Italy received protection through Legislative decree no. 42/2004, containing the ’Code on Cultural Heritage and Landscape’ - Title I, Section 10. However, no such regulation exists related to caves, and of consequence hermitages will suffer further deterioration. Although many of these sites have beautiful frescoes funding might be hard to be obtained for any restoration work. At present the panels at sites do mention their history and use, but more information is still at hand; it might be worth speaking with those who still hold the memory of how people used these sites, about the sites used for the water cult, of those used for litho-therapy (the rubbing against stone walls or lying on rocks and slabs), the rituals involved with these and the dates which were considered the most beneficial. These are the cultural traditions and related knowledge that are being lost. Some sites need safer access, e.g. San Giovanni all’Orfento. If this is not possible then there needs to be at least a sign informing visitors that they should not access the site or do it at their own risk and peril. 122
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The Diversity of Sacred Lands in Eu
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The designation of geographical ent
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table of contents 7 All creation gr
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All creation groans and sighs... Hu
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The borders of science In two areas
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ment. Their intention is the same a
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Introduction to the proceedings of
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have preceded the establishment of
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unique position in Northern Lapland
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Greece, the only monastic republic
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References Aikio, A. (2000). The ge
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Greetings from the Saami Parliament
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Lake Inari. Some of them are planne
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Words of welcome Tarmo Jomppanen Th
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threatened. It is extremely importa
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The concept of indigenous religions
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Kola Sámi oral tradition it is nat
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tic religion today; it is thought t
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References Bäckman, L. (1975), Sá
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Archaeology of sieidi stones. Excav
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fell tops, rock formations, islands
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to know more about the way their an
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jects, cigarettes, alcohol, candles
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place have been considered importan
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Manker, E. (1957), Lapparnas heliga
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Conserving sacred natural sites in
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abies), but they can also be from o
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Sacred natural sites and customs In
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were carried out. It was concluded
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The sacred grove (hiis) of Tammealu
Page 72 and 73: cial conservation area (IUCN Catego
Page 74: Glossary Looduslik pühapaik - a SN
Page 77 and 78: The location of the Mikytai Site in
Page 79 and 80: The Mikytai Alka Hill in the landsc
Page 81 and 82: The topography of sacred places in
Page 83 and 84: the mid-seventeenth to the first ha
Page 86 and 87: Zilais kalns - Blue Hill in Latvia
Page 88 and 89: gators in many publications have be
Page 90 and 91: It is worth to mention that the ric
Page 92 and 93: Cukurs, R. (1936). Valmiera - Burtn
Page 96 and 97: Alevi-Bektashi communities in south
Page 98 and 99: Additionally, the central concept o
Page 100 and 101: tine state. By the eighteenth centu
Page 102 and 103: The most venerated natural elements
Page 104 and 105: people) (Kressing, 2002) and Bektas
Page 106 and 107: Balkans and Asia Minor. Most of the
Page 108 and 109: Mélikoff, I. (1998), Bektashi/Kizi
Page 110 and 111: Part Three: Managing lands of mains
Page 112 and 113: The cultural and spiritual sites of
Page 114 and 115: has been dedicated and since time i
Page 116 and 117: December 1991. It was founded in 19
Page 118 and 119: ison, elephants, rhinoceroses, lion
Page 120 and 121: These places often became places of
Page 124 and 125: As was mentioned above, there is a
Page 126 and 127: Holy Island of Lindisfarne and the
Page 128 and 129: es facing Holy Island Lindisfarne.
Page 130 and 131: somehow helps sanctify a geographic
Page 132 and 133: ality into early Christian forms ar
Page 134 and 135: gree of reconstruction of the (redi
Page 136 and 137: housing the islanders established T
Page 138 and 139: UNESCO, (2011), Durham Castle and C
Page 140 and 141: Landscape linkages between cultural
Page 142 and 143: asin to be connected with other num
Page 144 and 145: The only remnant of the ancient Ple
Page 146 and 147: The Quadrilatero Project, threats H
Page 148 and 149: an ensemble, as they lack connectiv
Page 150 and 151: servation of the wetland ecosystem
Page 152 and 153: The wetland. Steps of protection. 1
Page 154 and 155: Sargolini, M. et al. (2006), Reti E
Page 156 and 157: Part Four: Managing lands of monast
Page 158 and 159: Monastic communities and nature con
Page 160 and 161: or ‘wild’ terrain, the longevit
Page 162 and 163: natural shelter, such as in caves.
Page 164 and 165: verse ancient Coptic monasteries in
Page 166 and 167: Therefore, ‘the actuality of mona
Page 168 and 169: The Holy Island of Arran, UK. Tibet
Page 170 and 171: Conclusion An analysis of the manag
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Mallarach, J.-M. (2005), The Way of
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Acknowledgements I am deeply indebt
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Managing the heritage of Mt Athos T
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miskis, the area has been dedicated
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the Athos authorities who have atte
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1992), and to promote the certifica
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the necessary arrangements for moni
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tive - and decisive - involvement o
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Παπαγιάννης, Θ. και
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Special Nature Reserve Milesevka an
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Serbs. From the eleventh century to
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monastery. The Venetian diplomat Ra
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Muslim populations of the region, w
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community. Thanks to the enormous e
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different needs of the stakeholders
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References Cmiljanovic, M. (2009),
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Part Five: Europe: a wealth of sacr
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Diversity of sacred lands and meani
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A rock painting portraying an elk f
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the protected areas of Finland. In
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management and conservation of the
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culture is a part of the duties of
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References Anonymous (2010a), The v
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The Carpathian Mountains, a realm o
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Throughout history, the Carpathian
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In Ceahlău National Park, Romania,
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Christian sacred natural sites Nowa
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grims; Wadowice, the birthplace of
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The Dacian King Decebalus, Porţile
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References Borsa, M., Chifelea, C.,
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The ‘sacredness’ of natural sit
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experience as part of the healing o
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Fox’s experience wears very diffe
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The word, sacred, has an etymology
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St Clement’s Church and Mt Roinea
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point of human ecology. From here a
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Posey, D. A. (ed.) (1999), Cultural
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Synergies between spiritual and nat
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A map of the Barents Euro-Arctic Re
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is associated with an area filled w
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tected area was included in the UN-
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Finland. The pictures on the rock w
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Concluding remarks Sometimes common
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Федотов Г.П. Будет л
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Part Six: Other related issues 259
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On the other hand, the UNESCO-IUCN
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the world (Eliade, 1959), there are
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to assess the applicability of the
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plicable as they are, eight would r
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References Burckhardt, T. (1958). P
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Inputs and comments from the worksh
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equally effective tool as interpret
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Conclusions Results The Delos3 Work
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growing, even within legally declar
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ny, beauty and the interconnectedne
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the world, make to the conservation
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2.7. Friday 09.00-10.30 Session 4:
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Appendices Appendix I: Workshop par
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Pirjo Seurujärvi Park Superintende
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P. 102 Ggia: el.wikipedia.org/wiki/
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The ecological footprint of the Del
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International Union for Conservatio
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