An Unhealthy America: The Economic Burden of ... - Milken Institute

More documents

Recommendations

Info

An Unhealthy AmericaMilken InstituteWestern states, which have stayed among the bottom tiers in this discussion, show greater impacts from asthma andemotional disturbances. As noted previously, California has very high wage rates and GDP, but low per capita PRC totalsfor many diseases. But the state reports one of the highest prevalence rates for asthma and therefore is among thestates with highest impacts. 81GDP-Based per Capita Indirect Impacts of Asthma, 2003DiseaseExpenditures(Billions)PRC*(Millions)Expenditures/PRC(Thousands)Cancer 48.1 10.6 4.5Breast Cancer 5.5 1.1 4.8Colon Cancer 3.9 0.3 11.5Lung Cancer 6.3 0.4 17.1Prostate Cancer 4.3 1.0 4.1Other Cancers 28.0 7.7 3.6Pulmonary Conditions 45.2 49.2 0.9Diabetes 27.1 13.7 2.0Hypertension 32.5 36.8 0.9Heart Disease 64.7 19.2 3.4Stroke 13.6 2.4 5.6Mental Disorders 45.8 30.3 Lowest 1.5Total 277.0 162.2 Third Tier 1.7Second TierPRC: Population Reporting ConditionHighestFor emotional disturbances, Oregon tops the list for PRC, followed by Massachusetts, Montana, Wisconsin, andMinnesota. Nevada is also one of the top fifteen states for per capita PRC.Wage-Based per Capita Indirect Impacts of Emotional Disturbances, 2003DiseaseExpenditures(Billions)PRC*(Millions)Expenditures/PRC(Thousands)Cancer 48.1 10.6 4.5Breast Cancer 5.5 1.1 4.8Colon Cancer 3.9 0.3 11.5Lung Cancer 6.3 0.4 17.1Prostate Cancer 4.3 1.0 4.1Other Cancers 28.0 7.7 3.6Pulmonary Conditions 45.2 49.2 0.9Diabetes 27.1 13.7 2.0Hypertension 32.5 36.8 0.9Heart Disease 64.7 19.2 3.4Stroke 13.6 2.4 5.6Mental Disorders 45.8 30.3 Lowest 1.5Total 277.0 162.2Third Tier1.7Second TierPRC: Population Reporting ConditionHighest81. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (CDC).[ 137 ]
An Unhealthy AmericaMilken InstituteThus, for each of these diseases, state variations are chiefly attributable to variations in PRC, prevalence/ incidence rates,and wage rates/GDP levels.A Comparison of Different Studies - US$ BillionsIndirect ExpendituresImpacts* PRC* Expenditures/PRCChronic Disease Disease Milken Study (Billions) Other Studies(Millions)Source of Other (Thousands)StudiesCancer Cancer 120.4 48.1135.9 American 10.6 Cancer Society 4.5Asthma 41.6 8.0 American Lung AssociationBreast Cancer 5.5 1.1 4.8Diabetes 46.5 40.0 American Diabetes AssociationColon Cancer 3.9 0.3 11.5Hypertension 123.7 64.0** Centers for Disease Control and PreventionLung Cancer 6.3 0.4 17.1Heart Disease and Stroke 56.1 161.0 Centers for Disease Control and PreventionProstate Cancer 4.3 1.0 4.1Emotional Disturbances 75.9 105.0 National Mental Health Association/CDCOther Cancers 28.0 7.7 3.6* Wage-Based Indirect Impacts**Including Medical CostsPulmonary Conditions 45.2 49.2 0.9Diabetes 27.1 13.7 2.0Studies on the Hypertension indirect impacts of chronic disease vary 32.5in scope. Yet 36.8 none of these address 0.9 the indirect impactsof caregivers.Heart Disease 64.7 19.2 3.4Stroke 13.6 2.4 5.6• The American Cancer Society estimates lost productivity of $135.9 billion, compared to our figure ofMental Disorders 45.8 30.3 1.5$120.4Totalbillion, a difference explained because277.0this study162.2does not address1.7lost productivity due toleavingPRC:thePopulationlabor forceReportingor death.Condition• The American Diabetes Association (ADA) estimates the wage impact of lost workdays for diabetes at$4.5 billion for 2002—very close to our estimate of $ 4.6 billion for 2003. The ADA study also includesimpacts from death, permanent disability, and days of restricted activity. The study does not, however,measure presenteeism and the effect on businesses due to caregiving.• The American Lung Association estimates lost earnings of $8 billion due to illness or death.• Similarly, The National Mental Health Association/CDC estimates lost productivity valued at $105billion for mental illness (and $8 billion more due to crime and welfare losses).• The CDC estimates indirect impacts, in terms of lost productivity and absenteeism, for heart diseaseand stroke to be around $161 billion. Our figure is much lower, at $56.1 billion.Our study differs in a number of ways: We examine the impact of lost workdays due to specific diseases. Welook at productivity loss in terms of presenteeism. We also include impacts employed caregivers exert onbusinesses.Indeed, the economy might suffer considerable productivity losses due to individuals leaving the labor forceeither because of the illness or caregiving requirements. But we do not consider those effects in this study.Nor do we consider the forgone economic growth attributable to death and disability. However, we doincorporate the impacts of reducing premature death in our intergenerational estimates of forgone economicgrowth, where we examine the marginal influence on growth of increasing life expectancy by one year. Weare examining the impacts of chronic disease on businesses, and productivity losses due to individuals orcaregivers who leave labor force are not included in this study. Thus, our estimates of the indirect impacts ofthese chronic diseases should be considered conservative.[ 138 ]
Page 8:
An Unhealthy AmericaMilken Institut
Page 11 and 12:
iitime of the analysis show that th
Page 13 and 14:
Existing estimates of the economic
Page 16 and 17:
Page 18 and 19:
Page 20:
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
Page 32 and 33:
Page 34 and 35:
Page 36:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 42 and 43:
Page 44:
Page 48 and 49:
Page 50 and 51:
Page 52 and 53:
Page 54 and 55:
Page 56 and 57:
Page 58 and 59:
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101: An Unhealthy AmericaMilken Institut
Page 162: An Unhealthy AmericaMilken Institut
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
Page 204 and 205:
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
Page 218 and 219:
Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
Page 224 and 225:
Page 226 and 227:
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249:
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252:
1250 Fourth Street • Santa Monica
show all

An Unhealthy America: The Economic Burden of ... - Milken Institute

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?