An Unhealthy America: The Economic Burden of ... - Milken Institute

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An Unhealthy AmericaMilken InstituteThe rise in chronic disease is costing us lives, quality of life, and prosperity. Our current health-care debates focusprimarily on the extension of coverage and the design of efficient financing mechanisms. Equal attention should bepaid to addressing the rising rates of chronic illness that will sap our productivity and drive our health-care costsneedlessly higher. Our results show that even modest reductions in the burden of disease would yield dividends not justin lower health-care costs, but in higher productivity and economic output.Our analysis should be seen as a contribution toward a sorely needed national discussion on health-care spending andchronic disease. Further research will add additional precision and knowledge on the multiple personal, societal, andeconomic costs of chronic disease, as well as opportunities to reduce or avoid these costs.[ 185 ]
An Unhealthy AmericaMilken InstituteAppendix IRisk Factors Associated with Chronic Disease - Based on Comprehensive Literature ReviewRisk Factors Associated with Chronic DiseaseBased on Comprehensive Literature ReviewHeartDisease Hypertension StrokeMentalDisordersProstateCancer Asthma DiabetesLungCancerColonCancerBreastCancerDiseaseExpenditures(Billions)PRC*(Millions)Cancer 48.1 10.6 4.5Breast Cancer 5.5 1.1 4.8Colon Cancer 3.9 0.3 11.5Lung Cancer 6.3 0.4 17.1Prostate Cancer 4.3 1.0 4.1Other Cancers 28.0 7.7 3.6Pulmonary Conditions 45.2 49.2 0.9Diabetes 27.1 13.7 2.0Hypertension 32.5 36.8 0.9Heart Disease 64.7 19.2 3.4Stroke 13.6 2.4 5.6Mental Disorders 45.8 30.3 1.5Total 277.0 162.2 1.7Behavioral Risk FactorsSmoking X X X X XAlcohol X X X X X XOverweight/Obesity X X X X X X XPhysical inactivity X X X X X X XDiets high in fat X X X XDiets high in saturated fats XHigh-fat dairy products XDiets high in red meat X XDiets low in fruit, vegetables,poultry,fish& fiber XDiets high in cholesterol X X XDiets high in sodium/salt X X XDiet high in omega-3 fatty acids XTrans fatty acids XHigh/abnormal blood cholesterol X X XStress X X XSTDs XChemical exposure(asbestos, arsenic radon) XPRC: Population Reporting ConditionExposure and inhalationof allergens,irritants XExpenditures/PRC(Thousands)Outdoor air quality XUse of illegal drugs XComorbiditiesHeart disease X X XStroke XCancer XAlzheimer's XDiabetes X XHypertension X X XDemographic Risk FactorsPopulation under 40 XPopulation over 45 XPopulation over 50 XPopulation over 65 X X XMale population XFemale population XMale population over 65 XFemale population over 50 XWhite population XAfrican-American population X X X XAfrican-American male population XHispanic/Latino population X X[ 186 ]
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