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years do not produce compound stress but instead may use the phrasal stress since the second word of the compound is moreprominent than the first word. This raises the possibility that certain prosodic patterns might be acquired later, despite theevidence that children at a very young age appear sensitive to prosody in general.Kenneth P. Baclawski Jr. (Dartmouth College) Session 6The Kuki-Chin deictic complex: examining interconnected reference systemsIn many Kuki-Chin languages (Tibeto-Burman: Bangladesh, India, Burma), demonstrative and information status-markingparadigms display similar semantics and phonological forms. These forms occupy different syntactic positions, but, as this papersuggests, they constitute one macro-paradigm, a deictic complex. In Hyow (Kuki-Chin: Bangladesh), narrative and elicited datacorpora show that the complex has broken down, resulting in rapid semantic bleaching, phonological reduction, and theincorporation of new forms. A diachronic account of this system as a grammaticalization cycle is presented here. This accountexplains cross-family variation and gives insights into the relation between metaphor, paradigmaticity, and grammaticalization.Rebekah Baglini (University of Chicago) Session 34The lexical semantics of derived statesIt has been noted in the literature that stative participles do not form a homogenous class (Nedjalkov and Comrie, 1988; Kratzer,2000), but fall into two subclasses: target state participles (TSPs) and resultant state participles (RSPs). Prior approaches havecaptured this by positing two distinct stativizing operators. However, this dual approach is not only theoretically undesirable, butempirically questionable. This paper uses degree semantics to derive the contrast between TSPs and RSPs in a unified way.Stativization targets verbs of scalar change, and the TSP/RSP contrast reflects the type of scale associated with the verbalexpression: property scales and quantity scales, respectively.Rebekah Baglini (University of Chicago) Session 17Itamar Francez (University of Chicago)The implications of managingManage has been claimed to conventionally implicate trying as well as difficulty. This characterization is descriptivelyproblematic: for example, John managed to lose his keys implicates neither. This paper proposes a more precise characterizationof the implicational pattern of manage, according to which the implicational meaning of manage does not involve trying butrather a more general notion of causal necessity. The implication of difficulty is argued to be pragmatic. We argue that teasingapart the role of truth conditional meaning, non-truth conditional meaning, and pragmatic reasoning, provides an empiricallyadvantageous characterization of the implicative behavior of manage.Rebekah Baglini (University of Chicago) Session 15Lenore Grenoble (University of Chicago)Martina Martinovič (University of Chicago)Wild sounds: extragrammatical communication in WolofWe describe a group of sounds that stand outside of the basic phonemic and/or lexical inventory of Wolof (Niger-Congo) but area core part of the language’s communicative system. We call these wild sounds and words following Pyle (2006). As noted byHarris (1951:71), they are found in exclamations, animal calls and borrowed words. The inventory of wild sounds and words inSenegalese Wolof includes a number of clicks (velar, lateral, dental and dental bilabial), a hissing sound, and a whistle. Wildsounds, while outside the grammar, are nevertheless a crucial component of linguistic communication, warranting further crosslinguisticstudy.Jon Bakos (Oklahoma State University) Session 59Bringing the thunder: a first look at the vowel system of OklahomaThis paper describes the current vowel system of Oklahoma, using recently collected data from the Research on the Dialects ofEnglish in Oklahoma (RODEO) project. This presentation will examine the wordlist and reading passage tasks from 25Oklahoman RODEO subjects.This paper will show Oklahoman empathy for Southern dialect practices, but without universal use of them. Most interviewedrespondents employ Southern features like the pin/pen merger and fronting of /u/, but Oklahomans appear reluctant to use sociallyemblematic Southern features in formal contexts. This paper will suggest reasons for these differences and discuss the Oklahomasystem as a whole.127