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sonority influence the roundness of forms, but the effect was non-linear. The different response patterns suggest differentunderlying phonetic symbolic mechanisms for size and shape symbolism.Michelle Li (University of Hong Kong) Session 82Stephen Matthews (University of Hong Kong)Complementation in Chinese Pidgin EnglishComplement clauses are typically unmarked in Chinese Pidgin English, which is expected due to null marking in Cantonese andoptionality of complementizer in English. Overt complementizers such as to, for, that and so are attested to varying degree atdifferent periods in English language sources. It is argued that for as complementizer could have been influenced directly fromPortuguese para or indirectly via pidgin Portuguese. The use of so as complementizer can be attributed to a convergence ofEnglish so and Cantonese gam2 ‘so, like this’ and a result of the grammaticalization path: similative > manner deixis >complementizer.Karen Lichtman (Northern Illinois University) Session 39Age, ability, and awareness in implicit and explicit second language learningThe idea that children learn languages implicitly but adults learn languages explicitly is common in Second LanguageAcquisition, but most studies on the topic either only test adults, or have confounds between age and instruction. The presentstudy taught children age 5-7 and adults an artificial mini-language under controlled implicit or explicit training conditions.Verbal ability was correlated with performance only for adults, but awareness was correlated with performance for both adultsand children, and explicit instruction increased awareness for both groups. This means that child L2 learners, like adult L2learners, are able to use explicit information about language.Constantine Lignos (University of Pennsylvania) Session 32From lexicon to grammar in infant word segmentationExisting models of infant word segmentation typically assume the learner’s goal is merely to learn the lexicon and/or constraintson words, leaving the learning of broader word structure and phonology unexplored. We develop an online, unsupervised wordsegmentation model that learns the morphological structure of words it acquires, enabling learning of phonotactics and thedominant stress pattern of the language. Learning proceeds in an online, cognitively-plausible fashion that models the process atMarr’s algorithmic level. The learner’s behavior over time matches longitudinal patterns observed in infant word segmentation(Peters, 1983) and acquisition of morphology (Brown, 1973).Constantine Lignos (University of Pennsylvania) Session 34Mitch Marcus (University of Pennsylvania)Toward web-scale analysis of codeswitchingThe quantity and availability of social media content enable the analysis of usage phenomena such as codeswitching on apreviously impossible scale. However, existing language tools cannot be harnessed to identify codeswitching without resourceintensiveannotation. Using statistical models similar to part of speech taggers, we develop Codeswitchador, a high-accuracysystem for the detection of codeswitching. We use the system to construct a corpus of Spanish/English codeswitched tweets andevaluate previous claims made regarding preferred contexts and structural constraints on codeswitching.Brook Danielle Lillehaugen (Haverford College) Session 97Beyond 'sitting', 'standing', and 'lying' in ZapotecI compare positional verb systems of Zapotec languages (Otomanguean) from three of the four major branches of Zapotec:Central Zapotec, Northern Sierra Zapotec, and Papabuco. I present an analysis of these, focusing on the selectional constraints theverbs exerts on the participants of the locative relationship, such as the size, shape, and number of the figure, the elevation of theground, and whether (and how) the figure is supported by the ground. In addition to understanding the Zapotec systems internally,I seek to relate the Zapotec system to other positional verb systems cross-linguistically.Dong-yi Lin (University of Florida) Session 34The control structure of the Interrogative Verb Sequencing Construction in KavalanIn an Interrogative Verb Sequencing Construction (IVSC) in Kavalan, the matrix interrogative verb and the embedded lexicalverb share a theme argument, which must be syntactically realized as the absolutive DP in the matrix clause. This paper examines177