Cleaner Technology Transfer to the Polish Textile ... - Miljøstyrelsen

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102 In the after treatment (the rinsing) only water, but no detergents or other chemicals are used. It is noted that washing fastness is 0,5 higher than before, where detergents were used. No acid is used to neutralize the fabric. After 4-6 different baths, the fabric is found to be neutral and free from salt. The dye-stuffs used are Cibacron C for medium and dark colours, and Cibabron LS for the light to medium colours. The Cibacron C dyes have a normal consumption of salt, and the Cibacron LS dyes have a consumption of only 20% salt compared with the Cibacron C. At present (1995), no foamkillers are used, but a lot of hard work with recipes, processes, dye-stuffs, and chemicals was done before reaching this goal. In 1986 the percentage of errors in dyeing was 7.8%, in 1994 2.3% and the goal for 1995 is 1.5%. The consumption of water in 1994 was 92 litres per kilogram dyed fabric.
3.8 Environmental labelling John Hansen, DTI Clothing and Textile, Denmark. Introduction The growing interest in society for protecting the environment against the impact from industrial exploitation of resources as well as production has, among other things, implied the creation of a number of labelling systems for consumer products. One of the first was the »Blue Angel« in Germany, although no textile products have been given this label, as textile products have been considered too complicated. Labelling systems also exist in a number of countries such as Japan, Canada and Austria. The Nordic Council of Ministers in 1990 adopted a voluntary environmental labelling system, known as the »Swan label«. This paper will briefly present a number of labelling systems, introduced either by companies, associations or nations. Finally the EU eco-labelling scheme will be presented. Company-based labelling systems Today a large number of company-based labelling systems exist and new ones are introduced regularly. Only a few will be mentioned here. In Denmark, the company Novotex some years ago introduced their »Green Cotton« concept, for which they have been awarded several national and international environmental prizes. The company Steilmann in Germany has been working with environmental labelling of their products. The American company Esprit introduced in 1991 an »ecollection«. These company-based systems, thus introduced a more overall way of looking at textile production – the so-called cradle-to-grave concept or Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) – instead of just looking at a few aspects for a given product. Association-based labelling systems A number of association-based systems have been introduced within the last 4-5 years. For textile floor coverings (carpets) the Association for Environmentally Friendly Carpets, GuT (Gemeinschaft umweitfreundlicher Teppichboden), was established in Germany in 1990. Up until now about 84 carpet manufacturers from most of Europe have become members, and about 48 companies supplying raw materials to the industry are supporting members. 103
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1999 Cleaner Technology Transfer to
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Content Preface 5 Summary 7 Part 1.
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Summary Areas of pollution preventi
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1.1 Programme description Programme
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Focus on cost-effective options par
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2.1 Introduction This Idea catalogu
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Topic 1. Minimization in consumptio
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Topic 3. Optimization of cooling by
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Topic 5. Temperature control of coo
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Topic 7. Minimization of water for
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Topic 9. Exchange of batch dyeing m
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Topic 11. Introduction of in situ r
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Topic 13. Optimization of counter c
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Topic 15. Procedure for cleaning of
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Topic 17. Change from batch to cont
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Topic 19. Desizing with enzymes Cas
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Topic 21. Substitution of APEO dete
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Topic 23. Change from monoreactive
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Topic 25. Substitution of carriers
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Topic 27. Substitution of afterchro
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Topic 29. Dry conditioning Case ill
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Topic 31. Mechanical softening proc
Page 51 and 52: Topic 33. Re-use of pure cooling wa
Page 53 and 54: Topic 35. Re-use of chemically load
Page 55 and 56: Topic 37. Re-use of water from rins
Page 57 and 58: Topic 39. Separation techniques for
Page 59: Topic 41. Evaporation and reclamati
Page 63 and 64: 3.1 Introduction During the Cleaner
Page 65 and 66: The ever increasing demand to shade
Page 67 and 68: The dyeing process The reactive dye
Page 69 and 70: hardness in water and extract from
Page 71 and 72: Figure 7. The effect of complexing
Page 73 and 74: Reduced process time Seilund and C.
Page 75 and 76: Tabel 1. Degradation af APEO. Table
Page 77 and 78: Alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEO) This
Page 79 and 80: 3.4 Reclamation and re-use of proce
Page 81 and 82: Figure 1. Typical process waters fr
Page 83 and 84: Figure 2. The dependency of precipi
Page 85 and 86: Advantages and limitations of the w
Page 87 and 88: Figure 5. Environmental benefits of
Page 89 and 90: Kolb, M., B. Funke, H.P. Gerber and
Page 91 and 92: Figure 3. Typical process water fro
Page 93 and 94: Table 1. Selected chemical for delc
Page 95 and 96: Figure 9. Profiles for dye-stuff pr
Page 97 and 98: Conclusions The optimal use of chem
Page 99 and 100: The conclusion based on lab-scale r
Page 101: During the period from 1992 to 1995
Page 105 and 106: The products to be labelled with th
Page 107 and 108: 3.9 Improvement of the rinsing effi
Page 109 and 110: Table 1. Documentation of savings i
Page 111 and 112: Part 4. Implementation projects 111
Page 113 and 114: 4.1 Introduction On the basis of th
Page 115 and 116: and a continued pumping is achieved
Page 117 and 118: The new recipes were tested in a la
Page 119 and 120: 4.4 Savings and substitution of env
Page 121 and 122: To illustrate the order of magnitud
Page 123 and 124: Data sheet Publisher: Ministry of E
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Cleaner Technology Transfer to the Polish Textile ... - Miljøstyrelsen

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