Cleaner Technology Transfer to the Polish Textile ... - Miljøstyrelsen

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78 The anionic component of the detergent mixtures used in the textile industry are mainly alkyl benzene sulphonate, alkane sulphonates like Leonil UM and olefin sulphonates. Today, fatty alcohol ethoxylates in mixtures with anionic surfactants (e.g. LAS; linear alkyl benzene sulphonate) are used in commercial washing powder in Western Europe. However, further development in this field may be necessary and will be performed in the next years. References 1. Kothe. Meliand textilberichte 9/1988 2. Gizer. Science 10.08.1984 3. Rösch. Textil Praxis Int. 1989
3.4 Reclamation and re-use of process water from reactive dyeing of cotton Henrik Wenzel, Hans Henrik Knudsen, Institute for Product Development, Denmark, Gert Holm Kristensen, VKI Institute for the Water Environment, Denmark and John Hansen, DTI Clothing and Textile. Abstract This paper presents Danish experiences with water reclamation and re-use in reactive dyeing of cotton. Experiences include development of new dyeing and rinsing recipes and of water reclamation techniques, leading to large savings in time, water, energy, and chemicals. Investigated water reclamation techniques are chemical precipitation, membrane filtration, activated carbon absorption, and counter current evaporation/condensation. The advantages and limitations of each technique have been identified in labscale and documented in pilot-scale. An overall solution has been chosen, based on membrane technology for the rinsing water and activated carbon adsorption for the dye-bath itself. The solution implies hot water re-use in rinsing, re-use of filtration remanence in anaerobic digesters, and re-use of dye-bath water and salts. This solution is implemented as a small demonstration plant at a Danish cotton dye-house. Introduction A large Danish programme for water reclamation and re-use in the textile industry was initiated in 1992. The programme covers several applications of water reclamation techniques in textile dyeing and printing with the largest focus presently on dyeing of cotton. The programme is conducted by a Danish research group consisting of three institutions: the Institute for Product Development/Technical University of Denmark, VKI – Institute for the Water Environment, and DTI Clothing and Textile, and with participation of several textile companies. The water generating process studied in this research is reactive dyeing of cotton knitwear in batch. This process is widely spread world-wide, and becoming increasingly used. Cotton represents approximately half of all textile world-wide, and nearly all cotton is today dyed by reactive dyes. The overall strategy of the research has been to identify environmental improvements by a stepwise procedure: 1. Process optimisations and water savings. 2. Potential modernisations of dyeing equipment. 3. Chemical savings or substitutions. 4. Water reclamation and re-use of water, energy and chemicals. This order of priorities should be respected as far as possible in order not to treat problems that could be avoided succesfully by process alterations. Not respecting this order of priority could lead to wrong dimensioning of water reclamation equipment, and in the worst case, total misinvestment. 79
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1999 Cleaner Technology Transfer to
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Content Preface 5 Summary 7 Part 1.
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Summary Areas of pollution preventi
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1.1 Programme description Programme
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Focus on cost-effective options par
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2.1 Introduction This Idea catalogu
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Topic 1. Minimization in consumptio
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Topic 3. Optimization of cooling by
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Topic 5. Temperature control of coo
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Topic 7. Minimization of water for
Page 27 and 28: Topic 9. Exchange of batch dyeing m
Page 29 and 30: Topic 11. Introduction of in situ r
Page 31 and 32: Topic 13. Optimization of counter c
Page 33 and 34: Topic 15. Procedure for cleaning of
Page 35 and 36: Topic 17. Change from batch to cont
Page 37 and 38: Topic 19. Desizing with enzymes Cas
Page 39 and 40: Topic 21. Substitution of APEO dete
Page 41 and 42: Topic 23. Change from monoreactive
Page 43 and 44: Topic 25. Substitution of carriers
Page 45 and 46: Topic 27. Substitution of afterchro
Page 47 and 48: Topic 29. Dry conditioning Case ill
Page 49 and 50: Topic 31. Mechanical softening proc
Page 51 and 52: Topic 33. Re-use of pure cooling wa
Page 53 and 54: Topic 35. Re-use of chemically load
Page 55 and 56: Topic 37. Re-use of water from rins
Page 57 and 58: Topic 39. Separation techniques for
Page 59: Topic 41. Evaporation and reclamati
Page 63 and 64: 3.1 Introduction During the Cleaner
Page 65 and 66: The ever increasing demand to shade
Page 67 and 68: The dyeing process The reactive dye
Page 69 and 70: hardness in water and extract from
Page 71 and 72: Figure 7. The effect of complexing
Page 73 and 74: Reduced process time Seilund and C.
Page 75 and 76: Tabel 1. Degradation af APEO. Table
Page 77: Alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEO) This
Page 81 and 82: Figure 1. Typical process waters fr
Page 83 and 84: Figure 2. The dependency of precipi
Page 85 and 86: Advantages and limitations of the w
Page 87 and 88: Figure 5. Environmental benefits of
Page 89 and 90: Kolb, M., B. Funke, H.P. Gerber and
Page 91 and 92: Figure 3. Typical process water fro
Page 93 and 94: Table 1. Selected chemical for delc
Page 95 and 96: Figure 9. Profiles for dye-stuff pr
Page 97 and 98: Conclusions The optimal use of chem
Page 99 and 100: The conclusion based on lab-scale r
Page 101 and 102: During the period from 1992 to 1995
Page 103 and 104: 3.8 Environmental labelling John Ha
Page 105 and 106: The products to be labelled with th
Page 107 and 108: 3.9 Improvement of the rinsing effi
Page 109 and 110: Table 1. Documentation of savings i
Page 111 and 112: Part 4. Implementation projects 111
Page 113 and 114: 4.1 Introduction On the basis of th
Page 115 and 116: and a continued pumping is achieved
Page 117 and 118: The new recipes were tested in a la
Page 119 and 120: 4.4 Savings and substitution of env
Page 121 and 122: To illustrate the order of magnitud
Page 123 and 124: Data sheet Publisher: Ministry of E
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