Cleaner Technology Transfer to the Polish Textile ... - Miljøstyrelsen

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Topic 20. Optical whiteners Case illustration: Stilbene – an optical brightener Concept In many cases, fabrics of cotton or mixtures with cotton are treated with optical whiteners, either for full bleaching purposes or for pre-treatment purposes before printing. Optical whiteners can be characterized as colourless dyes, which often contain environmentally hazardous chemical compounds such as e.g. stilbene derivatives. The reason for use of optical whiteners is often based on a customers demand for a very shining whiteness. Thus, it seems difficult to omit the use of optical whiteners, but still this serious topic should raise a relevant discussion. Alternatively, substitution of the more environmental hazardous chemicals to more environmental friendly ones should be considered. Improvement potentials Reduction of environmental impacts. Relevance Many companies. 38
Topic 21. Substitution of APEO detergents in pre-washing for wool scouring and in rinsing Case illustration: Nonylphenolethoxylate degredation Concept Use of environmentally hazardous APEO detergents in e.g. pre-washing, for scouring of loose wool, in rinsing and after dyeing is widespread within the industry. To some extent, textile industry has volunteered to substitute APEOs with more environmentally friendly detergents, but APEOs are still used to a wide extent. The option is further described in papers in Part 3 and 4. Improvement potentials APEOs degrade into alkylphenol and alkylphenol derivates, and these compounds have very bad environmental characteristics: they are almost non degradable, they are somewhat bioaccumulating, they are highly toxic, and they act as oestrogens (female hormones), thus affecting the reproductivity of male organisms. By substitutions these environmental hazards can be avoided. Relevance Most companies. 39
Page 1 and 2: 1999 Cleaner Technology Transfer to
Page 3: Content Preface 5 Summary 7 Part 1.
Page 7: Summary Areas of pollution preventi
Page 11 and 12: 1.1 Programme description Programme
Page 13: Focus on cost-effective options par
Page 17 and 18: 2.1 Introduction This Idea catalogu
Page 19 and 20: Topic 1. Minimization in consumptio
Page 21 and 22: Topic 3. Optimization of cooling by
Page 23 and 24: Topic 5. Temperature control of coo
Page 25 and 26: Topic 7. Minimization of water for
Page 27 and 28: Topic 9. Exchange of batch dyeing m
Page 29 and 30: Topic 11. Introduction of in situ r
Page 31 and 32: Topic 13. Optimization of counter c
Page 33 and 34: Topic 15. Procedure for cleaning of
Page 35 and 36: Topic 17. Change from batch to cont
Page 37: Topic 19. Desizing with enzymes Cas
Page 41 and 42: Topic 23. Change from monoreactive
Page 43 and 44: Topic 25. Substitution of carriers
Page 45 and 46: Topic 27. Substitution of afterchro
Page 47 and 48: Topic 29. Dry conditioning Case ill
Page 49 and 50: Topic 31. Mechanical softening proc
Page 51 and 52: Topic 33. Re-use of pure cooling wa
Page 53 and 54: Topic 35. Re-use of chemically load
Page 55 and 56: Topic 37. Re-use of water from rins
Page 57 and 58: Topic 39. Separation techniques for
Page 59: Topic 41. Evaporation and reclamati
Page 63 and 64: 3.1 Introduction During the Cleaner
Page 65 and 66: The ever increasing demand to shade
Page 67 and 68: The dyeing process The reactive dye
Page 69 and 70: hardness in water and extract from
Page 71 and 72: Figure 7. The effect of complexing
Page 73 and 74: Reduced process time Seilund and C.
Page 75 and 76: Tabel 1. Degradation af APEO. Table
Page 77 and 78: Alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEO) This
Page 79 and 80: 3.4 Reclamation and re-use of proce
Page 81 and 82: Figure 1. Typical process waters fr
Page 83 and 84: Figure 2. The dependency of precipi
Page 85 and 86: Advantages and limitations of the w
Page 87 and 88: Figure 5. Environmental benefits of
Page 89 and 90:
Kolb, M., B. Funke, H.P. Gerber and
Page 91 and 92:
Figure 3. Typical process water fro
Page 93 and 94:
Table 1. Selected chemical for delc
Page 95 and 96:
Figure 9. Profiles for dye-stuff pr
Page 97 and 98:
Conclusions The optimal use of chem
Page 99 and 100:
The conclusion based on lab-scale r
Page 101 and 102:
During the period from 1992 to 1995
Page 103 and 104:
3.8 Environmental labelling John Ha
Page 105 and 106:
The products to be labelled with th
Page 107 and 108:
3.9 Improvement of the rinsing effi
Page 109 and 110:
Table 1. Documentation of savings i
Page 111 and 112:
Part 4. Implementation projects 111
Page 113 and 114:
4.1 Introduction On the basis of th
Page 115 and 116:
and a continued pumping is achieved
Page 117 and 118:
The new recipes were tested in a la
Page 119 and 120:
4.4 Savings and substitution of env
Page 121 and 122:
To illustrate the order of magnitud
Page 123 and 124:
Data sheet Publisher: Ministry of E
show all

Cleaner Technology Transfer to the Polish Textile ... - Miljøstyrelsen

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?