Section 4.38 McMahon, T & Finlayson, BL 1991, ‘<strong>Australia</strong>n surface <strong>and</strong> groundwater hydrology – regional characteristics <strong>and</strong> implications’, Waterallocation for the environment. Proceedings of an international workshop – Centre for Water Policy Research, University of New Engl<strong>and</strong>,Armidale.9 Fargher, W <strong>and</strong> Olszack, C, 2011, The performance of water markets supporting agricultural productivity during the drought, Crisis <strong>and</strong>Opportunity: Lessons of <strong>Australia</strong>n water reform, draft discussion paper, <strong>CEDA</strong>, page 21.10 Bricoe, J., 2011, Submission to the inquiry into the provisions of the Water Act 2007, The St<strong>and</strong>ing Committee on Legal <strong>and</strong>Constitutional Affairs of the Senate, Crisis <strong>and</strong> Opportunity: Lessons of <strong>Australia</strong>n water reform, draft discussion paper, <strong>CEDA</strong>.11 Skinner, D, 2011, The need for sustainable diversions: A case study of the Coorong, Lower Lakes <strong>and</strong> Murray Mouth at the end of theMurray River, Crisis <strong>and</strong> Opportunity: Lessons of <strong>Australia</strong>n water reform, draft discussion paper, <strong>CEDA</strong>, page 111.12 Byron, N., 2011, The politics of water, Crisis <strong>and</strong> Opportunity: Lessons of <strong>Australia</strong>n water reform, draft discussion paper, page 71.13 Bricoe, J., 2011, Submission to the inquiry into the provisions of the Water Act 2007, The St<strong>and</strong>ing Committee on Legal <strong>and</strong>Constitutional Affairs of the Senate, Crisis <strong>and</strong> Opportunity: Lessons of <strong>Australia</strong>n water reform, draft discussion paper, <strong>CEDA</strong>, page103.14 Malcolm Turnbull, The Water Act <strong>and</strong> the Basin Plan, December 9, 2010, http://www.malcolmturnbull.com.au/blogs/the-water-act-<strong>and</strong>the-basinplan/15 Byron, N., 2011, The politics of water, Crisis <strong>and</strong> Opportunity: Lessons of <strong>Australia</strong>n water reform, draft discussion paper, page 75.16 Bricoe, J., 2011, Submission to the inquiry into the provisions of the Water Act 2007, The St<strong>and</strong>ing Committee on Legal <strong>and</strong>Constitutional Affairs of the Senate, Crisis <strong>and</strong> Opportunity: Lessons of <strong>Australia</strong>n water reform, draft discussion paper, <strong>CEDA</strong>, page106.17 Another draft plan is currently in consultation phase.18 Productivity Commission, Submission to Senate St<strong>and</strong>ing Committee on Legal <strong>and</strong> Constitutional Affairs of the Senate, accessed fromhttp://www.aph.gov.au/senate/committee/legcon_ctte/provisionswateract2007/report/c03.htm19 Jones, G. And Milligan, A., 2011, The Living Murray Initiative, Crisis <strong>and</strong> Opportunity: Lessons of <strong>Australia</strong>n water reform, draft discussionpaper, <strong>CEDA</strong>, page 83.20 Jones, G. And Milligan, A., 2011, The Living Murray Initiative, Crisis <strong>and</strong> Opportunity: Lessons of <strong>Australia</strong>n water reform, draft discussionpaper, <strong>CEDA</strong>, page 81.21 Bryan, B. <strong>and</strong> Marvanek, S. (2004) Quantifying <strong>and</strong> valuing l<strong>and</strong> use change for Integrated Catchment Management evaluation in theMurray-Darling Basin 1996/97 – 2000/01. Stage 2 Report to the Murray-Darling Basin Commission. CSIRO L<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> Water.22 Byron, N., 2011, The Living Murray Initiative, Crisis <strong>and</strong> Opportunity: Lessons of <strong>Australia</strong>n water reform, draft discussion paper, <strong>CEDA</strong>,page 74.23 Byron, N., 2011, The Living Murray Initiative, Crisis <strong>and</strong> Opportunity: Lessons of <strong>Australia</strong>n water reform, draft discussion paper, <strong>CEDA</strong>,page 74.24 Byron, N., 2011, The Living Murray Initiative, Crisis <strong>and</strong> Opportunity: Lessons of <strong>Australia</strong>n water reform, draft discussion paper, <strong>CEDA</strong>,page 75.25 Wittwer, G. And Dixon, P., 2011, The Living Murray Initiative, Crisis <strong>and</strong> Opportunity: Lessons of <strong>Australia</strong>n water reform, draft discussionpaper, <strong>CEDA</strong>, page 96.26 Skinner, R (2010), ‘Adaptation to Climate Impacts on Water Supply’, Climate Change Impacts on Water Supply, An International Forum,Washington DC.27 Cini E., <strong>and</strong> Fargher, W., 2011, A national perspective on urban water, Crisis <strong>and</strong> Opportunity: Lessons of <strong>Australia</strong>n water reform, draftdiscussion paper, <strong>CEDA</strong>, page 139.28 Young, R., 2011, The risks of urban water management, Crisis <strong>and</strong> Opportunity: Lessons of <strong>Australia</strong>n water reform, draft discussionpaper, <strong>CEDA</strong>, page 123.29 Young, R., 2011, The risks of urban water management, Crisis <strong>and</strong> Opportunity: Lessons of <strong>Australia</strong>n water reform, draft discussionpaper, <strong>CEDA</strong>, page 127.30 Flannery, T., 2007, As drought worsens, <strong>Australia</strong>n cattle scour roadsides for food, radio interview, accessed: http://www.earthfrenzyradio.net/2007/05/as-drought-worsens-australian-cattle.html31 Alston, J., <strong>and</strong> Pardey, P., 2011, Emerging food security challenges, Crisis <strong>and</strong> Opportunity: Lessons of <strong>Australia</strong>n water reform, draftdiscussion paper, <strong>CEDA</strong>, page 151.32 Aughton, D., <strong>and</strong> Mareels, I., 2011, Technological innovation <strong>and</strong> irrigation modernisation, Crisis <strong>and</strong> Opportunity: Lessons of <strong>Australia</strong>nwater reform, draft discussion paper, <strong>CEDA</strong>, page 48.33 Dassanayake KB, Cooley NM, Dunn GM, Chapman DF, Malano H, Saleem K, Beresford-Smith B, Ooi SK, Qiu W, Pham M, Thoms G(2007) Soil moisture sensor-based smarter irrigation control systems for improving water-use efficiency of irrigated farming systems inVictoria. In Proceedings of 2nd International Symposium on Soil Water Measurement using Capacitance, Impedance <strong>and</strong> Time DomainTransmission. October 28th – November 2nd 2007, Beltsville, Maryl<strong>and</strong>, USA.34 Rendell, R., 2011, Regional imperatives for change, Crisis <strong>and</strong> Opportunity: Lessons of <strong>Australia</strong>n water reform, draft discussion paper,<strong>CEDA</strong>, page 31.A <strong>Greater</strong> <strong>Australia</strong>: <strong>Population</strong>, Policies <strong>and</strong> Governance211
4.4Critiquing governmentregional development <strong>policies</strong>John DaleyJohn Daley is Chief Executive of the Grattan Institute. Grattan Institute’s work is independent, rigorous, <strong>and</strong>practical <strong>and</strong> fosters informed public debate on the key issues for <strong>Australia</strong>, through both private forums <strong>and</strong>public events, engaging key decision makers <strong>and</strong> the broader community. The current programs of GrattanInstitute focus on productivity growth, cities, school education, tertiary education, <strong>and</strong> energy. These programswere selected as important to <strong>Australia</strong>’s future, where fact-based analysis could assist the debate, <strong>and</strong> whereissues would benefit from further public discussion. John graduated from the University of Oxford in 1999 witha DPhil in public law after completing an LLB (Hons) <strong>and</strong> a BSc from the University of Melbourne in 1990. Hehas 20 years’ experience spanning policy, academic, government <strong>and</strong> corporate roles at the University of Melbourne, the University ofOxford, the Victorian Department of Justice, consulting firm McKinsey <strong>and</strong> Co <strong>and</strong> most recently at ANZ where he was ManagingDirector of the online stockbroker, E*TRADE <strong>Australia</strong>. John’s current research <strong>and</strong> publishing interests include government prioritisation,the objectives of government, the situations in which government intervention is justified, <strong>and</strong> the limits to government. John is also akeen amateur pianist <strong>and</strong> gardener.A <strong>Greater</strong> <strong>Australia</strong>: <strong>Population</strong>, Policies <strong>and</strong> Governance212
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A Greater Australia:Population, pol
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ContentsForeword CEDA Chief Executi
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ForewordIt is with pleasure that I
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IntroductionResponding to the resul
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IntroductionA more dynamic and vita
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IntroductionSustainabilityConcern a
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IntroductionThe new demographics, h
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Section 1.0Historical perspectives1
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Section 1.1IntroductionJapan’s cr
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Section 1.1Figure 1Forecast number
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Section 1.1Table 1Defence spending
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Section 1.1How much defence is enou
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Section 1.1ConclusionA substantial
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Section 1.2There has been over a ce
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Section 1.2Resource constraints wer
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Section 1.2Similarly, in the 1994 H
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Section 1.2ReferencesAustralia, Dep
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Section 1.3IntroductionAustralia is
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Section 1.3The grey 90sThe heady ex
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Section 1.3Taylor’s stony rebutta
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Section 1.3Figure 1The Benhamite Op
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Section 1.3In mathematical terms, t
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Section 1.3characterisation of the
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Section 1.3ConclusionA retrospectiv
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Section 2.0Population futures2.1 Fo
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Section 2.1Conventional population
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Section 2.1It is more useful for go
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Section 2.1Forecasting of births, w
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Section 2.1Future net overseas migr
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Section 2.13). This had a lot to do
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Section 2.2IntroductionIn late Sept
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Section 2.2Figure 1The migrant cont
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Section 2.2The visa and residency s
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Section 2.2sponsorship, subject to
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Section 2.2Figure 3Historical and p
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Section 2.2The views in this chapte
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Section 2.3IntroductionThe Australi
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Section 2.3Figure 3Australia: Distr
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Section 2.3Table 2Australia: Popula
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Section 2.3Table 4Views of Australi
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Section 2.3Table 5Australian States
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Section 2.3A number of hypotheses h
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Section 2.3Table 8Australia: Distri
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Section 2.3Table 10Non-Metropolitan
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Section 2.3Policy issuesThe configu
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Section 2.3Climate change is likely
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Section 2.3ConclusionAny realistic
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Section 2.340 Swan, W., 2010.Austra
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Section 2.4IntroductionThe Australi
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Section 2.4At present there is a hi
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Section 2.4innovation initiatives w
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Section 2.4Endnotes1 Henry, K 2009,
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Section 2.5IntroductionAustralia is
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Section 2.5else. Even with a broad
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Section 2.5commercially viable - th
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Section 2.5A vast country like Aust
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Section 3.0Society and the individu
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Section 3.1Extent of public opinion
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Section 3.1category immigrant/forei
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Section 3.1The Environics Research
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Section 3.1Per cent100908070Figure
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Section 3.1A number of surveys soug
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Section 3.1Table 8Percentage who an
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Section 3.1Endnotes1. There is also
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3.2Social inclusion and multicultur
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Section 3.2a broader definition of
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Section 3.2Figure 1Estimated povert
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Section 3.2Table 2Visa Type of Sett
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Section 3.2Table 5First Generation
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Section 3.2Table 6Australia: First
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Section 3.2Improving outcomes for v
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3.3Linkages between education and p
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Section 3.3case, funding also could
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