Programmable Controllers: Theory and Implementation

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Introduction to PLC Programming and Implementation—from relay logic to PLC logic(c) Table 5 presents the output assignments, including a descriptionof each internal. Note that control relay CR2 is not assigned as aninternal since it is the same as the output rung corresponding to PL1.When the control program is implemented, every contact associatedwith CR2 will be replaced by contacts with address 020 (the addressof PL1).DeviceInternalTable 5. Internal output assignment.DescriptionCR11000Control relay CR1C R2— Same as PL1 ReadyC R3— Same as SOL2 Open(d) Figure 9 illustrates the I/O connection diagram for the circuit inFigure 7. This diagram is based on the I/O assignment from part (b).Note that only one of the temperature switches, the normally open TS3switch, is a connected input. The logic programming of each switchshould be based on a normally open condition.InputsOutputsL1 L2L1 L2StartPB1StopPB2TempTS3Level FS4Input000001 021002ProgramCodingOutput020022003 023PL1 ReadySOL1 OpenPL2SOL2 OpenLevel FS5004024PL3H3 Heating005025006026007027Figure 9. I/O connection diagram.Industrial Text & Video Company www.industrialtext.com 1-800-752-839814
Introduction to PLC Programming and Implementation—from relay logic to PLC logicREGISTER ADDRESS ASSIGNMENTThe assignment of addresses to the registers used in the control program isanother important aspect of PLC organization. The easiest way to assignregisters is to list all of the available PLC registers. Then, as they are used,describe each register’s contents, description, and function in a registerassignment table. Table 6 shows a register assignment table for the first 15registers in a PLC system, ranging from address 2000 8 to address 2016 8 .RegisterContentsDescription2000A nalog inputTemperature input temp 3 (inside)2001A nalog inputTemperature input temp 4 (outside)2002S pare–2003S pare–2004TWS inputSet point (SP1) input from TWS panel 12005TWS inputSet point volume (V1) from TWS panel 22006C onstant 2350Timer constant of 23.5 sec (0.01 sec TB)2007AccumulatedAccumulated value for counter R20102010S pare–2011S pare–2012C onstant 1000Beginning of look-up table (value #1)2013Constant1010Look-up value # 22014Constant1023Look-up value # 32015Constant1089Look-up value # 42016Constant1100Look-up value # 5Table 6. Register assignment table.ELEMENTS TO LEAVE HARDWIREDDuring the assignment of inputs and outputs, the user should decide whichdevices will not be wired to the controller. These elements will remain partof the electromechanical control logic. These elements usually includedevices that are not frequently switched off after start, such as compressorsand hydraulic pumps. Components like emergency stops and master startpush buttons should also remain hardwired, principally for safety purposes.This way, if the controller is faulty and an emergency occurs, the user can shutdown the system without PLC intervention.Figure 10 provides an example of system components that are typically lefthardwired. Note that the normally open PLC Fault Contact 1 (orwatchdog timer contact) is wired in series with other emergency conditions.This contact stays closed when the controller is operating correctly, butopens when a fault occurs. The system designer can also use this contact if anemergency occurs to disable the PLC system’s operation.PLC fault contacts are safety contacts that are available to the user whenimplementing or enhancing a safety circuit. When a PLC is operatingcorrectly, the normally open fault contact closes and the normally closed oneIndustrial Text & Video Company www.industrialtext.com 1-800-752-839815
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