Acta Facultatis Ecologiae - TechnickÃ¡ univerzita vo Zvolene

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169Fig. 6 Mean total and stomatal fluxes of ozone (nmol m –2 s –1 ) to forests in the Czech Republicon a 1 x 1 kmgrid in April – September 2006Tab. 3 Ozone deposition model statistics for coniferous and deciduous forest in the Czech Republic in April – September2006SurfaceOzone fluxnmol m –2 s –1Stomatal ozone fluxnmol m –2 s –1Deposition velocitycm s –1Mean Min Max Mean Min Max Mean Min MaxSpruce 3.27 2.29 4.33 1.71 0.67 2.32 0.26 0.1 0.65Beech 4.26 2.71 5.95 3.07 1.79 4.22 0.34 0.1 0.8
170Tab. 4 Comparison of observed and modelled dry-deposition velocities (cm s –1 )SurfaceObservationModel calculation for Czech RepublicMean Range Reference Condition Mean Range ConditionSpruce 0–0.7 [23] June 0.26 0.1–0.6 April – SeptemberBeech 0.4 0.1–0.7 [24] April – May 0.34 0.1–0.75 April – September4. CONCLUSIONSThis study describes the modelling of ozoneconcentrations and deposition to a coniferous anddeciduous forest on 1 x 1 km for the territory of theCzech Republic. The deposition has been assessedfrom the measured and modelled concentrations ofozone in the atmosphere.The effects of boundary layer stability werequantified using the observed relationship betweenthe diurnal variability of surface ozone concentrationand altitude. Climatic conditions in higheraltitudes differ from those in lower altitudes. Thelocations in higher altitudes are more exposed toground ozone and are less affected by night inversionconditions. Thus the concentration values ofground ozone in the open grow up with an increasingaltitude of mountain areas of the Czech Republic.It seems clear that patterns of ozone concentrationand pattern of ozone deposition are different.The difference between ozone concentrations andozone deposition is largely due to the fact that inthe central Europe, the meteorological conditionsfa<strong>vo</strong>ur ozone formations (high temperatures andhigh vapour-pressure deficits) tend to inhibit stomatalconductance and hence uptake.AcknowledgementThis study was funded by the Ministry of Environmentof the Czech Republic.REFERENCES1. KRAUSE, G. H. M., KÖLLNER, B. and GRÜNHA-GE, L.: 2003, Éffects of Ozone on European ForestTrees Species – A Concept of Local Risk Evaluationwithin ICP– Forests´, in P.E. Karlsson, G. Selldénand H. Pleijel (eds.), Establishing Ozone CriticalLevels II, UNECE Workshop Report, IVL report B1523, IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute,Gothenburg, Sweden, pp. 230–235.2. FUHRER, J. and ACHERMAN, B. (eds.): 1994,Ćritical Levels for Ozone´, A UN ECE workshopreport, Schriftenreiche der FAC No.16, Bern-Liebefeld.3. EMBERSON, L. D., SIMPSON, D., TUOVINEN,J.–P., ASHMORE, M.R. and CAMBRIDGE, H.M.:2000, ´Towards a Model of Ozone Deposition andStomatal Uptake over Europe´, EMEP MSC-W Note6/2000, 1–57.4. EMBERSON L. D., ASHMORE M. R., CAM-BRIDGE H., SIMPSON D. and TUOVINEN J.–P.:2000a, ´Modelling ozone flux across Europe´, EnvironmentalPollution. 109, 403–412.5. EMBERSON L. D., ASHMORE M. R., SIMPSOND., TUOVINEN J.-P. AND CAMBRIDGE H.: 2001,´Modelling and mapping ozone deposition in Europe´,Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 130, 577–582.6. ZAPLETAL, M.: 1999, ´Vztah mezi imisními koncentracemia depozičním tokem přízemního ozonudo lesní vegetace´, Ochrana ovzduší, 11(1999), 4–8.(in Czech)7. ZAPLETAL, M., CHROUST, P.: 2007. Ózone Depositionto a Coniferous and Deciduous Forest in theCzech Republic´. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus(2007) 7:187–200, DOI 10.2007/s11267-006-9079-5.8. ZAPLETAL, M., CHROUST, P.: 2007. Ózone Depositionto a Coniferous and Deciduous Forest in theCzech Republic´. In: Brimblecombe, P., Hara, H.,Houle, D., Novak, M. (Eds.), Acid Rain – Depositionto Recovery, Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands,2007.9. CHMI: 2006, Áktuální stav ovzduší. Automatizovanýimisní monitoring´, Czech HydrometeorologicalInstitute, Prague, www.chmi.cz10. PORG: 1997, Ózone in the United Kingdom 1997´,Fourth Report of the United Kingdom PhotochemicalOxidants Review Group, Department of the Environment,London.11. COYLE, M., SMITH, R. I., STEDMAN, J. R.,WESTON, K. J. and FOWLER, D.: 2002, ´Quantifyingthe spatial distribution of surface ozone concentrationin the UK´, Atmospheric Environment 36,1013–1024.12. Golden Software: 1999, ´Surfer. User´s Guide. Contouringand 3D Surface Mapping for Scientists andEngineers´, Golden Software, Inc, Colorado, USA.13. VOLDNER, E. C., BARRIE, L. A. and SIROIS, A.:1986, Á literature review of dry deposition of oxidesof sulphur and nitrogen with emphasis on long-range
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Acta FacultatisEcologiaeJournal of
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OBSAH / CONTENTSISOL M., MICHALÍKO
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5ACTA FACULTATIS ECOLOGIAE, 16: Sup
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11ACTA FACULTATIS ECOLOGIAE, 16: Su
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19are lower in ill patients compare
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21are considered as the most accura
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24- multimode cavities are usually
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26the load during its exposure to f
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28Tradescantia paludosa 02 test and
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30Tab. 5: Results of positive contr
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35DISCUSSIONThe ionising radiation
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39222Rn is produced by radioactive
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41180160140this reason we also pick
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435001450400350hKz0,8h [m]300250200
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46deposit is that stripped in off-l
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48TruenessTrueness was determined i
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50MATERIAL AND METHODSChloroform (p
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52absorbance [a.u.]1,000,750,500,25
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54Tab. 1: Rrequirements determinati
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56Methods of VOC testing were set a
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59Tab. 6: ContinuedSamples withsurf
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63One of the possible explanations
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65Ai - Ai-1 [Bq.m -3 ]86420-2-4-6-8
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69BiodegradabilityThe great variety
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71degradation starts of late days,
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73Fig. 4 Treated (after 28 days of
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75parameters of the cutting process
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79Fraction: D (residual rest) prese
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81was not confirmed. Maximum of mer
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84Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of atomi
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86Alpha spectrometryAlpha spectrome
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8880007000y = 6622xR 2 = 0.939SIMS
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93Gemer according to the German mod
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95Tab. 1 Results of the chemical an
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97Continuation of Tab. 2 Results of
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99Vlčia Dolina and from the reserv
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101ACTA FACULTATIS ECOLOGIAE, 16: S
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103mg.dm -3mg.dm -35,004,003,002,00
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105year and the average value repre
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109Sample site 1 Sample site 2 Samp
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111As for the sampling time (Fig. 5
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115Typha latifolia, Carex sp., Scir
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117conditions for decomposition of
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Page 122 and 123: 121from the background (derived fro
Page 124 and 125: 12311. PETROVSKÝ, E., ELWOOD, B.:
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Page 132 and 133: 131RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONTable 2 gi
Page 136 and 137: 135V-1 BOREHOLEThe courses of 222 R
Page 138 and 139: 137AV-2 (40m) 2006A ( 222 Rn) [kBq/
Page 140 and 141: 139soaks into the soil, another par
Page 144 and 145: 143Fig. 2 The continuous monitoring
Page 146 and 147: 145Indoor radon activity concentrat
Page 150 and 151: 149Fig. 1 Podlipa dump-fieldCanada)
Page 152 and 153: 151concentrations of Fe. Cu. Cd. Ni
Page 154 and 155: 153DUMP-FIELDREFERENCE SITEppm15001
Page 156 and 157: 155Fig. 5 Compression of wood forma
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Page 162 and 163: 161SPECIFIC EXAMPLES OFFACTORS THAT
Page 166 and 167: 165The methods developed to incorpo
Page 168 and 169: 167The effects of wind on ozone con
Page 172 and 173: 171transport modelling in North Ame
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Acta Facultatis Ecologiae - TechnickÃ¡ univerzita vo Zvolene

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