Acta Facultatis Ecologiae - TechnickÃ¡ univerzita vo Zvolene

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17ACTA FACULTATIS ECOLOGIAE, 16: Suppl. 1, 17 – 21 Zvolen (Slovakia), 2007STRESS INFLUENCE ON AUTONOMOUS REGULATIONOF HEART, FUNCTIONS AND RADIONUCLEODICMETHODS IN CARDIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSTICSAnton Lacko – Karel KomárekHealth Faculty, Catholic university in Ružomberok, ul. Gen. M. Vesela 21, 034 01 Ružomberok,e-mail: lacko@uvn.sk, komarek@fzdrav.ku.skABSTRACTLacko A. & Komárek K. Stress Influence on Autonomous Regulation of Heart, Functions andRadionucleodic Methods in Cardiological DiagnosticsThe study deals with to stress related problem and its psychological response in human body, such asinfluence of stress in the autonomous regulation of heart activity. The study has used the Stroop’s test inorder to determine the stress level. After that the spectral analysis of the heart rate variability was carriedout in order to specify the impact of the stress on the regulation of the influence of the autonomous nervoussystem in the relation to the heart activity. Obtained results were compared with selected indicators of usedpsychodiagnostic methods (Stroop’s test).Cardio vascular diseases represent a serious problem which is trying to be resolved by health careprofessionals nevertheless it should also be a concern of each individual as well as the whole society. Thisdisease continually affects younger age categories. From the medical point of view the ambition of earlydiagnosis with consequent therapy should influence this adverse trend. Diagnosis of cardiovascular diseasesby the nuclear medicine method has a substantial place. These particular examinations represent about40 % of performed examinations in units of nuclear medicine. This very fact has glanced off in conceptionof nuclear medicine by establishment of a new subdivision of “nuclear cardiology”.Key words: stress, autonomous nervous system, heart rate variability, spectral analysis, nuclear cardiology,radio nuclear methodINTRODUCTIONA human being had developed a variety ofthe defence mechanisms that would shield againstthe negative influence of the environment. Whenit comes to physiological conditions, non-specificand specific defence and adaptation mechanismrespond quite well towards damaging signal andtherefore ensuring optimal regime and vital functions.In pathological conditions, these mechanismsnot only get activated but often fail and the humanbody becomes vulnerable to environmental influence.Maintaining homeostasis is a highly dynamicprocess in which our body constantly and promptlyreacts to environmental changes (1).Indency of so called civilisation stress (mentaland psychic) triggered by inability to adapt oneselvesto a new social calls in changes in human thinkingas well as changes in a traditional lifestyle iscontinuously changing.Importance of the pathological consequencesdepends on only the character make-up but alsoon seriousness of the overwhelming situation. Themain aim of this study is objectivisation of thestress related situation in an educational and trainingprocess.SUBJECTS AND METODSDuring the research study: influence of thepsychosocial factors of the stressful situation on
18a human being with a help of the psychologicalmethods, reaction of examined participants hasbeen monitored in order to determine their reactionaccording to the stressful situation. The most appropriatemethod, chosen for this particular testing,was the Stoop’s test (2).In a particular group of 16 students, membersof the secondary medical school (age range of18–19 years old) the Stoop’s test has taken place.The aim of the Stoop’s test was to induce a stressfulsituation using psychological methods and consequentlyto evaluate a resistance of the overwhelmingsituation. The test also included a fluency in reading,recognition of colours and interference. Theprinciple of this method lies in the fact that settingan eye on a different colour from a written name ofthis particular colour (e.g. word „red“ written bygreen colour) brings the examined person to a tendencyto read a name and not actually answeringthe colour which is the word written in. This simplefact brings us into a stressful situation while a fluentreading (examined participant tends to read wordsnot to name the colour). The score figures are measuredin seconds. The lower the points are, the betterthe personal performance is. The interpretationcompares the index with arithmetical averages foundin the particular age group. An effective exampleof utilization during an overall evaluation of thestudent in a pedagogical-educational process wouldbe judged on the basis of mental resistance of thestudent versus stressful situation, especially in thecases when it comes to a problematic student (3).All 16 students were examined by VHF spectrumanalysis. The first examination took place inthe hospital clinic while on practice consideringthe optimal conditions. The second one took placewhile having graduation exams. Thus we havemade a note on the autonomous nervous system ina particular time period, such as a stand-still positionand during the stressful situation.The method of a spectral analysis enables todistribute VHF (gradually from 300–900 intervalsR-R – ECG using the fast Fourier’s transformation)to a component determined by parasympatics (respirationpeak of a high frequency in the spectrumof 0. 15–0.5 Hz) and component in which takespart also sympatics (peaks with a low frequencyin the spectrum of 0.5–0.14 Hz). This is a configurationof R–R intervals concerning ECG of sinuscurves according to the frequency and the powerof their spectrum. The decrease in amplitude ofa respiratory oscillation of a heart frequency or itsdisappearance manifests the decrease of the para--sympatics activity. The amplitude reduction ofoscillation of a heart frequency with a low frequencyor their disappearance demonstrates the lowactivity of sympatics (5).The examined group consisted of 50 soundparticipants aged between 20–30 years (6).For the diagnosis purposes the micro computersystem was used specified for the telemetric non--invasive examination VHF, type VariaCardio TF4by Simon Media Olomouc.RESULTSHaving compared the scores of the students´sub-tests in our particular group by the Stoop’s testin comparison with average figures of particularage groups, we could state that achieved resultsof scores show an overall average performanceof students. In a particular subtest of our studentstime scores (fluency in reading, identification ofa colour, interference) indicates a mental competence,psycho-metric promptness and an ability tohandle two or more different kinds of tasks at thesame time. We are talking about prompt, dominantand demanding personalities. Anticipation anxietyhad increased prior to testing in all students. Fiveout of them experienced somewhat a feeling of anxietyeven after the test which pointed out a gradualdecrease of a stress-related reaction. Comparing theseparticular indicators (VHF) in a relaxed situationwith results of the exact and the same indexes ina stressful situation (such as the graduation exam)we have found out a significant decrease in an activityof parasympatics (drop in HF spectrum componentscore p < 0,001) and a majority of sympatics(LF spectrum components, pictures 1, 2, 3, 4).The increased sympatics activity is followedby the latest structural changes which would be theone of the pathophysiological mechanisms in essentialhypertension, cardiomyopathies, CAN. Forexamination of adrenergic innervation of heart byanalogue of noradrenaline metaiodobenzylguanidin(MIBG) could bring a long new know-how intopathogeneses of these diseases. The total graspingof MIBG was calculated from planar pictures asa proportion between heart (mediastinum in thecourse of 4–24 hours after radiopharmaceuticaltreatment given). Medians S/M in these intervals
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Page 36 and 37: 35DISCUSSIONThe ionising radiation
Page 40 and 41: 39222Rn is produced by radioactive
Page 42 and 43: 41180160140this reason we also pick
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Page 49 and 50: 48TruenessTrueness was determined i
Page 51 and 52: 50MATERIAL AND METHODSChloroform (p
Page 53 and 54: 52absorbance [a.u.]1,000,750,500,25
Page 55 and 56: 54Tab. 1: Rrequirements determinati
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65Ai - Ai-1 [Bq.m -3 ]86420-2-4-6-8
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67ACTA FACULTATIS ECOLOGIAE, 15: Su
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69BiodegradabilityThe great variety
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71degradation starts of late days,
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73Fig. 4 Treated (after 28 days of
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75parameters of the cutting process
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79Fraction: D (residual rest) prese
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81was not confirmed. Maximum of mer
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84Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of atomi
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86Alpha spectrometryAlpha spectrome
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8880007000y = 6622xR 2 = 0.939SIMS
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91ACTA FACULTATIS ECOLOGIAE, 16: Su
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93Gemer according to the German mod
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95Tab. 1 Results of the chemical an
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97Continuation of Tab. 2 Results of
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99Vlčia Dolina and from the reserv
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101ACTA FACULTATIS ECOLOGIAE, 16: S
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103mg.dm -3mg.dm -35,004,003,002,00
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105year and the average value repre
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109Sample site 1 Sample site 2 Samp
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111As for the sampling time (Fig. 5
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115Typha latifolia, Carex sp., Scir
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117conditions for decomposition of
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121from the background (derived fro
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12311. PETROVSKÝ, E., ELWOOD, B.:
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1272.52.0Correlation coefficient 0,
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131RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONTable 2 gi
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135V-1 BOREHOLEThe courses of 222 R
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137AV-2 (40m) 2006A ( 222 Rn) [kBq/
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139soaks into the soil, another par
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143Fig. 2 The continuous monitoring
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145Indoor radon activity concentrat
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149Fig. 1 Podlipa dump-fieldCanada)
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151concentrations of Fe. Cu. Cd. Ni
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153DUMP-FIELDREFERENCE SITEppm15001
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155Fig. 5 Compression of wood forma
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157decrease in the following order:
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161SPECIFIC EXAMPLES OFFACTORS THAT
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165The methods developed to incorpo
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167The effects of wind on ozone con
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169Fig. 6 Mean total and stomatal f
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171transport modelling in North Ame
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Acta Facultatis Ecologiae, Volume 1
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