(DTIS) Update, Volume 1 – Main report - Enhanced Integrated ...

Figure 4.1: Coverage and frequency ratiosSenegalMadagascarLACAsiaMENASouth AfricaMauritiusNamibiaKenyaEUBurundiUganda100 80 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 80 100Share of Product Lines Share of ImportsNote: The left-hand side bars measure the frequency ratio of NTMs, i.e. the proportion of HS6 productscovered by at least one NTM. The right-hand side bars measure their coverage ratio, i.e. the proportion ofimports covered by at least one NTM.Source: Cadot and Gourdon (2011), based on World Bank/UNCTAD data.Burundi also stands out, together with Kenya, as a heavy user of multiple NTMs (Figure 4.2).About 70% of products imported into Burundi are covered by five or more NTM types (in terms of the2-digit NTM classification), again raising the issue of regulatory overkill, as dealing with multipleregulations can be cumbersome for economic operators.Figure 4.2: Number of different measure types imposed byproduct% of imported products1008060402005 and more4 types of NTMs3 types of NTMs2 types of NTMs1 type of NTMsSource: Cadot and Gourdon (2011), based on World Bank/UNCTAD data.Appendix 4.3 (in the DTIS update Volume 2) shows examples of the database for Burundi. Theexamples are HS100510, maize seeds, and HS721633, steel “H beams” for construction. Both illustratethe large number of measures that can apply to fairly simple products which are inputs for importanteconomic activity (agriculture and construction) and where importers may well be large enough to watchquality by themselves.There is a positive correlation between the incidence of NTMs and household incomes in Burundi.The incidence of NTMs on consumption (measured by the average number of measures per HS6product) rises with the per-capita income of Burundi’s households (Figure 4.3) for per-capita incomes75 / 153