(DTIS) Update, Volume 1 – Main report - Enhanced Integrated ...

higher than FBU 100’000 per year ($70) 85 . The figure measures, on the vertical axis, a weighted averageof the number of NTMs affecting consumed products, each weighted by its share in household budgets.On the horizontal axis, it measures household income, i.e. the log of the annual expenditure of eachcentile of Burundi’s household income distribution 86 . Incidence first goes down at very low incomelevels, and then rises after FBU 100’000 (e 11.5 = 100’000). The correlation shown in Figure 4.3 is rootedin patterns of expenditure and regulation. The latter are shown in Figure 4.4: most heavily regulatedproducts include sugar, beer, sweet drinks (“limonades”), tobacco and cooking oil. Most lightlyregulated products include firewood and textile & apparel.Figure 4.3 NTM incidence on consumption, by level of household incomeLowess smootherNTM incidence6.5 7 7.5 8 8.511 12 13 14Log of per capita expenditurebandwidth = .8Source: Mission calculations using Burundi’s household survey.Figure 4.4 NTM incidence, by product20181614121086420SugarBeerSweet drinksTobaccoCooking oilSaltCandlesSoapBeansSweet potatoesVegetable bananasPotatoesManiocManioc flourRicePeasMaizeSorghoWheatCabbageTomatoesCarrotsOnionsLeeksPineappleAvocadoOrangesMangoes and guavaOther fruitMeatMilkHoneyEggsBatteriesMatchesFishFirewoodTextile & apparelSource: Mission calculations, based on Burundi’s household survey and World Bank/UNCTAD data.85 Per-capita income is obtained by dividing household income by the number of household members, includingchildren.86 Household income is best approximated by expenditure, as savings is likely to be nil for most household surveysand respondents typically give more reliable answers to questions about spending than about income.76 / 153