eWORK 2000 - European Telework Week

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New Ways to Work 2000European TeleworkTelework Week was held from 9-16 November 1995, and has been followed by others, growing more diverse andwidespread annually. European Telework Week 1998 runs from 2-9 November 1998.eWork: Work practices making use of information and communication technologies to increase efficiency, flexibility(in time and place) and the sustainability of resource use.Extranet. A network using Internet protocol, that allows external organisations, such as suppliers or customers, accessto selected internal information. In essence, it is an Intranet (q.v.) which gives external users restricted access (forexample using password protection) to particular information through the firewall.Free agent: a US term for an individual similar to the traditional free-lance worker but extended over a much widergeographical range and a greater number of interlocking markets because of new networking capabilities.ftp (File Transfer Protocol) The process for transferring binary files (e.g. documents or software) across a network.Groupware. A class of computer software that allows several users to collaborate through sharing information.Computer conferencing and group decision support systems are types of groupwareGSM A European standard for cellular phone digital communications. Allows mobile phones to be used in countriesacross Europe and certain other parts of the world (over 130 in total).HTML (HyperText Mark Up Language). The code used on WWW pages to instruct the browser how to display thetext.http (Hypertext Transfer Protocol). The protocol used to transfer information across the World Wide Web. Itindicates that the information is encoded in HTML (q.v.) See also URL.ICT (Information and Communications Technology). A generic term that covers both information technology(computer hardware and software) and telecommunications equipment and services. Its increasing use indicates thegrowing convergence between these strands of technology.Information Society. The term adopted the European Commission to indicate a society where information is a keycomponent of economic and social activity. Citizens, both consumers or workers, use information intensively.Intelligent Agent. A piece of software using artificial intelligence techniques that operates autonomously using a setof rules. A common type of agent is one that roams the Internet and searches out information. Other types filterincoming information and messages for items of relevance to particular users.Internet. A network of computer networks, estimated to be around 10 million world-wide. Any computer can join theInternet and exchange information, provided it makes an appropriate physical connection and operates the TCP/IPprotocol (q.v.). See also Intranet and Extranet.Intranet. An internal Internet. In other words an internal computer network that runs the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).Most Intranets have a computer ‘gateway’ to the wider (external) Internet and deploy a ‘firewall’ (q.v.) to preventunauthorised access to a company’s information.IPR (Intellectual Property Rights): Rights to intellectual material normally in the form of content on electronicnetworks where it can be difficult to control copying and use without the IPR holder’s knowledge and/or permission.ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network). Services that allow sharing of multiple devices on a single line, e.g.telephone, fax and computer access to online services. Basic rate ISDN service (ISDN-2) consists of two 64kbps digitalcommunications channels, while primary consists of 32. Although ISDN offers significant benefits for certain kinds oftelework, their costs and ease-of-use have deterred many home workers when contrasted with high speed modems.ISP (Internet Service Provider). A supplier of Internet services including access.Originally distinguished from IAPs(Internet Access Provider q.v.) since they provided the major back-bone connections between countries, and sold onbandwidth to smaller local IAPs. The term seems to be declining in use.- 202 -
New Ways to Work 2000European TeleworkISPO (Information Society Project Office). A service unit established by DGIII and DGXIII to act as a bridgebuilder between Commission Services and external counterparts active in Information Society issues.IST (Information Society Technologies) Programme: a European Union research and technology programme underthe Fifth Framework (1999-2002). The IST Programme is based around four Key Actions, including Key Action II onNew Methods of Work and Electronic Commerce, as well as a number of cross programme activities andaccompanying measures.IT (Information Technology). Strictly speaking is only computer hardware and software not includingtelecommunications equipment and services (cf. ICT), but is often used synonymously with ICT to mean both thesetypes of technology especially as they are now substantially converged.LAN (Local Area Network). A network that connects computer together within a small area, usually a single office.Facilities such as printers and disks can be shared. Many LANs have gateways to connect their users to externalservices such as the Internet.MPEG (Moving Picture Expert Group). A group that defines compression standards for video (moving) images,notably MPEG-2. A new standard, MPEG-4, defines images in terms of objects and their attributes, making it easier tomanipulate audio-visual objects remotely over networks.NACT - National Advisory Council on Teleworking - National Council established by the Irish Government to adviseit on the development of teleworking employment opportunities in Ireland and to recommend attainable actions whichwill contribute to the realisation of those opportunities.NC (Network Computer). A computer that relies on a computer network for its ongoing operation and software,which is downloaded as required.Network economy: characterisation of the new global economy dominated by networks, i.e. multifarious nodes andconnections in contrast to hierarchical and otherwise controlled economies. Normally means the electronic or digitalnetwork based upon ICT infrastructures and especially the Internet. (See also digital economy).NTF (Nederlands Telewerk Forum). The national teleworking association in The Netherlands.RISI (Regional Information Society Initiatives), part of the Article 10 of the Structural Funds.SIT (Societa Italiana Telelavoro). A national society for teleworking in Italy.Social Partners. Organised representatives of labour market interests such as employers associations’ and tradesunions.SOHO (Small Office Home Office). Defined by marketers as a segment of buyers with common characteristics. Thisis a small office, that may be part of a person’s home. The amount and size of equipment used is generally lower thanthat in large offices, and users more cost sensitive.SME (Small to Medium Enterprise). In European Union terms this is defined as an enterprise which has less than250 employees, is less than 25 per cent owned by large companies, and has a total turnover of less than 40 MECU orannual balance sheet of less than 27 MECU. This definition dates from 1996, and replaces and earlier definition thatincluded enterprises less than 500 employees. It includes medium, small (less than 50 employees) and microenterprises(less than 10 employees).TAP (Telematic Applications Programme). A European Union research and technology programme under theFourth Framework. Its focus is the application of information and communications technologies in areas such aseducation, health, transport and libraries.TCA (TeleCottage Association). The biggest telework association in the UK. Although its roots are in the telecottagemovement its full title is The Telework, Telecottage and Telecentre Association.- 203 -
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