eWORK 2000 - European Telework Week

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New Ways to Work 2000European Telework• to elaborate and publish the Telework Code in order to strengthen the implementation of entrepreneurialsolutions of this kind;• to strengthen the collaboration of different bodies in the UE context, in order to transfer technologies anddisseminate the results.Conclusions:Portugal has been somewhat slow in formally adopting Telework as a new way of working. The highpenetration of mobile services, due to the fact that Portugal was both the 1 st country to introduce competitionin GSM services and the 1 st to create and introduce pre-paid cards, which make it now second in penetrationonly to Scandinavian countries, the surge in the use of Internet and WAP services, the emergence of multiplefirms of the new economy are signs that e-work is now taking-off in Portugal.However, for telework to really to take off big companies and the Administration must change theirorganisational procedures. In Portugal change often needs to start from the top, following a top-downapproach from management. In this context, Government should take a lead and implement its centralobjective of creating an IS for all.The new up-coming generation of managers are already the first adopters of these structural changes andobviously the ICT industry is leading the process. We can thus expect that in the next years a majorrestructuring of all the economy will take place adopting the new organisational models and new ways ofworking.Contact:Maria do Rosário Almeida,maria.rosario@mail.telepac.pt,Secretary-General, APDTRui Cartaxo,rui.m.cartaxo@telecom.pt,tel: +351 21 500 14 03,fax +351 21 500 21 51,Vice-President, APDT- 94 -
New Ways to Work 2000European Telework5.13 SpainTelework has been constant news in Spain from 1996 to 1999. However, apart from the early wave of largetelework projects among a few leading companies, mostly multinational and companies operating in the fieldof the NTICs, there is no indication that Telework is seen as a profitable solution for companies managed inthe traditional industrial way. Similarly there are still very few cases of telework projects in the publicadministration.Apart from several U.E. financed projects (NOW, ADAPT, ADIR, HORIZON etc.) which have done much inpromoting the new ways of working and in disseminating information and awareness, Spanish companies ingeneral and particularly SMEs have not taken up telework on its own merit.It seems however that there is a good deal of informal telework going on at many levels and, most of all,together with a gradual transformation of the old hierarchical management structure, as a result of the use ofthe NTICs. The consequent downsizing and outsourcing brings in the new ways of working among divisionsand among a large number of new, small and flexible organisations which sprang out from the field oftelematics.If Telework is still a concept that attracts a great deal of interest among unemployed and young people and atopic much studied by the academic world, it does no longer seems to be the way in which the industrialsociety is going to relocate, or even re-invent work in the information society. One reason could be thattelework does not solve the main problem of the barriers and rigidities of a labour legislation designed for thewell defined and routine jobs of the industrial economy. It even adds the real problem for traditionalmanagement, to control the performance of the distant worker in a system based on hours worked rather thanon results obtained.Another barrier to the straightforward development of telework is the still low level of use of telematics amongSMEs. Also the early promise of liberalisation of the telecommunications with lower prices and greaterbandwidth has not kept up with traffic increase. Today, to use INTERNET is more time consuming than twoor three years ago.Finally the public administration has paid much lip service to the new technologies but done little to makethem accessible to all, including schools and the average citizen.Future prospects indicate a continuation of the delay at national level, with respect to more advancedcountries, with little sensibility to this fact at the central government. However there are, at regional level,many cases of change and rapid progress among some communities.Here, U.E. supported project have been successful in disseminating the awareness and use of the NTICs, oftenin areas that should normally have been totally bypassed by this phenomenon. On the other hand the rapidincrease of e-mail use among large and medium size companies should open the way to a growing number ofinformal telework agreement and practices that are almost impossible to register and measure in term ofreliable statistics.- 95 -
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