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Chapter XIIIReason and ReligionIT WOULD seem then that reason is an insufficient, often aninefficient, even a stumbling and at its best a very partially enlightenedguide for humanity in that great endeavour whichis the real heart of human progress and the inner justificationof our existence as souls, minds and bodies upon the earth.For that endeavour is not only the effort to survive and makea place for ourselves on the earth as the animals do, not onlyhaving made to keep it and develop its best vital and egoistic orcommunal use for the efficiency and enjoyment of the individual,the family or the collective ego, substantially as is done by theanimal families and colonies, in bee-hive or ant-hill for example,though in the larger, many-sided way of reasoning animals; it isalso, and much more characteristically of our human as distinguishedfrom our animal element, the endeavour to arrive at aharmonised inner and outer perfection, and, as we find in theend, at its highest height, to culminate in the discovery of thedivine Reality behind our existence and the complete and idealPerson within us and the shaping of human life in that image. Butif that is the truth, then neither the Hellenic ideal of an all-roundphilosophic, aesthetic, moral and physical culture governed bythe enlightened reason of man and led by the wisest minds of afree society, nor the modern ideal of an efficient culture and successfuleconomic civilisation governed by the collective reasonand organised knowledge of mankind can be either the highestor the widest goal of social development.The Hellenic ideal was roughly expressed in the old Latinmaxim, a sound mind in a sound body. And by a sound bodythe ancients meant a healthy and beautiful body well-fitted forthe rational use and enjoyment of life. And by a sound mindthey meant a clear and balanced reason and an enlightened andwell-trained mentality, — trained in the sense of ancient, not of