NASA Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports

20040070987 Lawrence Livermore National Lab., Livermore, CA
Measuring the Effect of Fuel Chemical Structure on Particulate and Gaseous Emissions using Isotope Tracing
Buchholz, B. A.; Mueller, C. J.; Martin, G. C.; Upatnieks, A.; Dibble, R. W.; Sep. 11, 2003; In English
Report No.(s): DE2003-15004942; UCRL-JC-155257; No Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), a technique initially developed for radiocarbon dating and recently applied
to internal combustion engines, carbon atoms within specific fuel molecules can be labeled and followed in particulate or
gaseous emissions. In addition to examining the effect of fuel chemical structure on emissions, the specific source of carbon
for PM can be identified if an isotope label exists in the appropriate fuel source. Existing work has focused on diesel engines,
but the samples (soot collected on quartz filters or combustion gases captured in bombs or bags) are readily collected from
large industrial combustors as well.
NTIS
Carbon; Chemical Composition; Combustion Products; Exhaust Gases; Molecules; Soot
20040070988 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley National Lab., Berkeley, CA, USA
Numerical Simulation of CO2 Leakage from a Geologic Disposal Reservoir, Including Transitions from Super- to
Sub-Critical Conditions, and Boiling of Liquid CO2
Pruess, K.; 2003; In English
Report No.(s): DE2003-813575; LBNL-52423; No Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The critical point of CO2 is at temperature and pressure conditions of T(sub crit)= 31.04 C, P(sub crit)= 73.82 bar. At
lower (subcritical) temperatures and/or pressures, CO2 can exist in two different phase states, a liquid and a gaseous state, as
well as in two-phase mixtures of these states. Disposal of CO2 into brine formations would be made at supercritical pressures.
However, CO2 escaping from the storage reservoir may migrate upwards towards regions with lower temperatures and
pressures, where CO2 would be in subcritical conditions.
NTIS
Carbon Dioxide; Numerical Analysis; Leakage; Reservoirs
20040071037 Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX
Evaluation of the Air Quality and Noise Impacts of Regional Jet Service at Commercial Airports Serving Small Cities
in Texas
Borowiec, J. D.; White, L. D.; Mar. 2004; 86 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2004-105724; SWUTC/04/167121-1; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy
Commercial airline passenger service in small markets is entering a phase that has the potential to change the industry
in ways not seen since airline deregulation. The initiation of regional jet service to and from communities that previously had
limited commercial service opens up a wide range of opportunities that support economic growth and trade for many
communities as service levels increase and new city pairs are introduced. Along with the opportunities, however, have come
a new set of high profile environmental issues that, until now, small cities have not had to deal with. These are primarily
aircraft noise and exhaust emissions from arriving and departing aircraft but also include emissions from ground support
equipment (GSE) and vehicles accessing the airport. In this research, a base year reflecting the current use of turbo-prop
aircraft was developed. Fleet mixes for the forecasted years were developed using the appropriate operations and enplanement
forecasts.
NTIS
Air Quality; Evaluation; Noise (Sound); Aircraft Noise
20040073466 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
Large-scale Distribution of CH4 in the Western North Pacific: Sources and Transport from the Asian Continent
Bartlett, Karen B.; Sachse, Glen W.; Slate, Thomas; Harward, Charles; Blake, Donald R.; Journal of Geophysical Research;
September 23, 2003; ISSN 0148-0227; Volume 108, No. D20, pp. 28-1 - 28-15; In English; Original contains black and white
illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NCC1-02023; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources
Methane (CH4) mixing ratios in the northern Pacific Basin were sampled from two aircraft during the TRACE-P mission
(Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific) from late February through early April 2001 using a tunable diode laser
system. Described in more detail by Jacob et al., the mission was designed to characterize Asian outflow to the Pacific,
determine its chemical evolution, and assess changes to the atmosphere resulting from the rapid industrialization and increased
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