NASA Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports

mechanical imaging, therefore, consists of three main components: evaluation of externally induced surface pressure and
internal tissue motion; estimation of strain and stress tensor components; and reconstruction of the spatial distribution of the
elastic modulus using displacement, strain and stress images. An ambitious research plan has been developed to address
important engineering and clinical aspects of AMI. The overall program is designed to critically test the hypothesis that AMI
can non-invasively detect and monitor breast lesions thus providing a valuable clinical tool for breast cancer diagnosis,
monitoring and therapy.
DTIC
Cancer; Imaging Techniques; Mammary Glands
20040073735 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA
Site Specific Incorporation of Amino Acid Analogues into Protiens In Vivo
RajBhandary, Uttam L.; Jan. 14, 2004; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-99-1-0300
Report No.(s): AD-A422652; ARO-39867.9-LS; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
Our objective is to develop general methods for the site-specific incorporation of amino acid analogues into proteins in
bacterial and in eukaryotic cells. The approach consists of the use of an amber suppressor transfer RNA (tRNA) aminoacylated
with an amino acid analogue, with the help of a mutant aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, to insert the amino acid analogue at a
specific site in a protein. The site of insertion of the analogue is specified by an appropriately placed amber termination codon
within the gene for the protein of interest. This approach has two key requirements: (1) an amber suppressor tRNA, which
can not be aminoacylated by any of the endogenous aminoacyltRNA synthetases and (2) an aminoacyi-tRNA synthetase,
which aminoacylates the amber suppressor tRNA but no other tRNA in the cell. Therefore, an important first goal is to identify
such a 21st aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase tRNA synthetase-amber tRNA pair. This goal has been achieved. Several mutations
have been introduced into yeast tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS) for isolating mutants that incorporate iodotyrosine into
tRNA instead of tyrosine. Work on an alternative approach applicable to mammalian cells has led to a possible general
approach for the introduction of two different amino acid analogues into a protein.
DTIC
Amino Acids; Analogs; In Vivo Methods and Tests; Proteins
20040073744 Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI
Induced Expression of Androgen Receptor in Androgen Independent Prostate Cancer Cells Using an IkBalpha Super
Repressor
Kalikin, Linda M.; Pienta, Kenneth J.; Sep. 2003; 23 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-01-1-0077
Report No.(s): AD-A422666; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
Advanced prostate cancer continues to kill 29,000 men annually in the USA. Despite strides in obtaining extended
remissions through the use of hormones and chemotherapeutic agents, there is still no curative therapy for this devastating
disease. While most prostate cancers are responsive to androgens and while androgen withdrawal is the main form of
treatment, the failure of primary hormone therapy is attributed to androgen-independent tumor expansion. Mechanisms for the
transition from androgen-sensitive to androgen-refractory disease are currently not well understood. We proposed to
investigate the role of TNF-alpha-mediated NF- icB signaling in androgen-sensitive and -insensitive prostate cancer, as many
androgen-independent prostate cancer cell lines exhibit resistance to this pathway and as TNF-alpha is detected at high serum
levels in relapsing prostate cancer patients compared to those in remission or untreated. We subsequently demonstrated
activation of TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis with an IkB-alpha super repressor and relieved NF-KB repression of the androgen
receptor in androgen-independent prostate cancer cell lines cells. During this current funding period we report generation of
a non-invasive quantitative murine model for metastatic prostate cancer. Thus, we now are poised to evaluate these novel
insights of androgen interactions in vivo, a critical step toward designing novel therapeutic strategies.
DTIC
Cancer; Chemotherapy; Hormones; Males; Prostate Gland
20040073747 Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA
Effects of Moderate Aerobic Exercise Combined with Caloric Restriction on Circulating Estrogens and IGF-I in
Premenopausal Women
Williams, Nancy I.; Oct. 2003; 26 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-01-1-0361
Report No.(s): AD-A422670; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy
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